| 1. |
- Araghi, Marzieh, et al.
(författare)
-
Smokeless tobacco (snus) use and colorectal cancer incidence and survival : Results from nine pooled cohorts
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 45:8, s. 741-748
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Although smoking is considered to be an established risk factor for colorectal cancer, the current evidence on the association between smokeless tobacco and colorectal cancer is scant and inconclusive. We used pooled individual data from the Swedish Collaboration on Health Effects of Snus Use to assess this association.METHODS: A total of 417,872 male participants from nine cohort studies across Sweden were followed up for incidence of colorectal cancer and death. Outcomes were ascertained through linkage to health registers. We used shared frailty models with random effects at the study level to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).RESULTS: During 7,135,504 person-years of observation, 4170 men developed colorectal cancer. There was no clear association between snus use and colorectal cancer overall. Exclusive current snus users, however, had an increased risk of rectal cancer (HR 1.40: 95% CI 1.09, 1.79). There were no statistically significant associations between snus use and either all-cause or colorectal cancer-specific mortality after colorectal cancer diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings, from a large sample, do not support any strong relationships between snus use and colorectal cancer risk and survival among men. However, the observed increased risk of rectal cancer is noteworthy, and in merit of further attention.
|
|
| 2. |
- Araghi, Marzieh, et al.
(författare)
-
Use of moist oral snuff (snus) and pancreatic cancer : Pooled analysis of nine prospective observational studies
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 141:4, s. 687-693
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While smoking is a well-established risk factor for pancreatic cancer, the effect of smokeless tobacco is less well understood. We used pooled individual data from the Swedish Collaboration on Health Effects of Snus Use to assess the association between Swedish snus use and the risk of pancreatic cancer. A total of 424,152 male participants from nine cohort studies were followed up for risk of pancreatic cancer through linkage to health registers. We used shared frailty models with random effects at the study level, to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for confounding factors. During 9,276,054 person-years of observation, 1,447 men developed pancreatic cancer. Compared to never-snus use, current snus use was not associated with risk of pancreatic cancer (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.83-1.11) after adjustment for smoking. Swedish snus use does not appear to be implicated in the development of pancreatic cancer in men. Tobacco smoke constituents other than nicotine or its metabolites may account for the relationship between smoking and pancreatic cancer. What's new? While smoking is a well-established risk factor for pancreatic cancer, the effect of smokeless tobacco is less well understood. Smokeless tobacco like snus yields lower exposure to tobacco carcinogens compared with smoking, because it does not undergo combustion, but delivers an equivalent dose of nicotine. Using pooled individual data from the Swedish Collaboration on Health Effects of Snus Use, here the authors show that Swedish snus use does not appear to be implicated in the development of pancreatic cancer in men. Tobacco smoke constituents other than nicotine or its metabolites may account for the relationship between smoking and pancreatic cancer.
|
|
| 3. |
- Dimitrova, Radosveta, et al.
(författare)
-
Pedagogical and Social Climate in School Questionnaire : Factorial Validity and Reliability of the Teacher Version
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment. - : SAGE Publications. - 0734-2829 .- 1557-5144. ; 34:3, s. 282-288
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluated the factorial structure of the Pedagogical and Social Climate in School (PESOC) questionnaire among 307 teachers in Bulgaria. The teacher edition of PESOC consists of 11 scales (i.e., Expectations for Students, Unity Among Teachers, Approach to Students, Basic Assumptions About Students’ Ability to Learn, School–Home Relations, Teacher Cooperation, Teachers’ Professional Development, Teaching Activities, Student Valuation, Principal’s Pedagogical Leadership, and School Management). A confirmatory factor analysis conducted with structural equation modeling supported a bi-dimensional factor model (Students and Teachers; School Leadership and Management). School climate indicators were also significantly and positively correlated. PESOC is an asset to the literature on assessment of school climate with evidence for factorial validity and reliability in an underresearched international context.
|
|
| 4. |
- Ferrer-Wreder, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Ways to Measure Family-Related Factors in Swedish Families using Child and Parent Reports
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many Swedish parents report that they tend to employ moderate control as well as frequent use of democratic parenting practices (Trost, 2012). This approach to parenting combined with policy and institutional supports for child and family welfare make the Swedish parenting context in some ways unique and in need of further investigation (e.g., Trost, El-Khouri, & Sundell, 2015). From a measurement perspective, when parents and children in the same family report on the same construct, one is faced with several questions such as are the child and parent reports reflective of the same construct? If yes, then child and parent reports can be modelled or conceptualized as indicators of the same construct. Another possibility is that adolescents’ and parents’ perceptions of a given construct are fundamentally different from one another. A number of options exist in terms of how to conceptualize measurement when parents and children report on the same construct (Bank, Dishion, Skinner, & Patterson, 1990).The results presented in this poster are from a longitudinal study of school climate and mental health (study name and citation blinded for peer review). The sample consists of a cohort of Swedish 7th graders (N=3,932, aged 13-14 years old, 51.8% =female, from 101 schools in eight Swedish regions). At grade 7, using structural equation modelling (SEM), different measurement models of family-related factors were tested, namely democratic parenting (Wray-Lake & Flanagan, 2012), parental warmth (Trost, et al, 2007; Tilton-Weaver et al., 2010), and child-parent communication (Kerr & Statin, 2000). Adolescents in the cohort and one of their parents reported on these constructs at grades 7, 8, and 9. The results presented here are for grade 7. Analyses were conducted with Mplus 7.4 (using Mplus’s robust maximum likelihood estimator, TYPE = COMPLEX in Mplus, to account for the nested nature of responses by school building, and FIML estimation for missing data). Three SEM models were tested, including (1) a three-factor model in which parallel child and parent reports were indicators of the same family factors, (2) a six-factor model in which parallel child and parent reports were indicators of separate family factors, and (3) a multi-trait multi-method model with three family factors and two method factors (parent and child report; Model 3). Two models showed good fit to the data: the six-factor model, χ2(89) = 164.873; CFI = .997; RMSEA = .015 [.011, .018], and the multi-trait multi-method model, χ2(84) = 533.735; CFI = .982. RMSEA = .037 [.034, .040]. While both models evidenced good fit, the six-factor model provided the more parsimonious solution. This result indicates that adolescents and parents in this sample may be viewing the family-related factors in different ways. In the poster, other analyses will be reported on the utility of the models identified in grade 7 at the other study time points, such as at grades 8 and 9. Study findings will also be discussed in terms of culture and parenting.
|
|
| 5. |
- Galanti, Maria Rosaria, et al.
(författare)
-
School environment and mental health in early adolescence - a longitudinal study in Sweden (KUPOL)
- 2016
-
Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Longitudinal studies indicate strong associations between school proficiency and indicators of mental health throughout adulthood, but the mechanisms of such associations are not fully elucidated. The Kupol study is a prospective cohort study in Sweden set up in order to: (i) describe the association of school pedagogic and social environment and its specific dimensions with the risk of mental ill-health and psychiatric disorders in adolescence; (ii) evaluate the direct effects of school pedagogic and social environment on mental health and the effects mediated by the individual's academic achievements; and (iii) assess if school pedagogic and social environment are associated with mental ill-health through epigenetic mechanisms, in particular those involving genes regulating the response to stress.Methods: The Kupol cohort at baseline consists of 3959 children attending the 7th grade of compulsory school (13-14 years old) in 8 regions of central Sweden in the school years 2013-2014 or 2014-2015. Three follow-up surveys in subsequent years are planned. Teachers' and students' perceptions of the culture, climate and ethos of their schools, and students' mental ill-health are assessed at the whole school level by annual questionnaire surveys. In order to conduct epigenetic analyses saliva specimens are collected from a nested sample of students at inception and two years later. Further, class-, family-and child-level information is collected at baseline and during each year of follow-up. Self-reported information is being complemented with register data via record-linkages to national and regional health and administrative registers.Discussion: The topic being investigated is new, and the sample constitutes the largest adolescent cohort in Sweden involved in an ad hoc study. Epigenetic analyses centered on environmental cues to stress response are a thoroughly new approach. Finally a notable feature is the multi-informant and multi-method data collection, with surveys at the school, class, family, and student level. Collaboration and data access: interested investigators should contact the coordinating centre. Additional information is available on the study's website, http://kupolstudien.se/.
|
|
| 6. |
- Hultin, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Pedagogical and Social School Climate : Psychometric Evaluation and Validation of the Student Edition of PESOC
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. - : Routledge. - 0031-3831 .- 1470-1170. ; 63:4, s. 534-550
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies indicate that school climate is important for student health and academic achievement. This study concerns the validity and reliability of the student edition a Swedish instrument for measuring pedagogical and social school climate (PESOC). Data were collected from 5,745 students at 97 Swedish secondary schools. Multilevel confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, and multilevel composite reliability estimates, as well as correlations with school-level achievement indicators, were calculated. The results supported an 8-factor structure at the student level and 1 general factor at the school level. Factor loadings and composite reliability estimates were acceptable at both levels. The school-level factor was moderately and positively correlated with school-level academic achievement. The student PESOC is a promising instrument for studying school climate.
|
|
| 7. |
- Sundin, Erica, et al.
(författare)
-
Are differences in population prevalence of alcohol's harm to others related to survey administration mode?
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Drug and Alcohol Review. - : Wiley. - 0959-5236 .- 1465-3362. ; 37:3, s. 375-381
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction and Aims. This study assessed the comparability of estimates of alcohol's harm to others across different administration modes in Swedish general population surveys. Harm was categorised as harm from strangers' drinking and harm from heavy drinkers known to the respondent. Design and Methods. Three surveys were conducted in 2011/2012 (n=6841), including identical questions. One was based on self-administered postal or Web questionnaires, and two were based on computer-assisted telephone interviews of which one included a more ambitious procedure in terms of for example monetary incentives to the respondents. Pearson (2)-tests were used to compare differences in the prevalence of harm. To estimate potential effects of survey mode, the samples were pooled, and multivariate Poisson regression models with mode as explanatory variable were used, adjusting for socio-demographic and behavioural factors. Results. Respondents in the two computer-assisted telephone interviews were more likely to report harm from strangers' drinking compared with respondents in the self-administered postal or Web questionnaires. However, no significant differences were found between survey modes concerning reports of harm from known people's drinking. Discussion and Conclusions. A survey mode based on interviews seems to facilitate reports of harm from strangers' drinking. This does not apply to reports of harm from known people's drinking. Therefore, the comparability of estimates of alcohol's harm to others between survey modes depends on the type of harm being studied.
|
|
| 8. |
- Yang, Fei, et al.
(författare)
-
Moist smokeless tobacco (Snus) use and risk of Parkinson's disease
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 46:3, s. 872-880
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease. It is unclear what constituent of tobacco smoke may lower the risk. Use of Swedish moist smokeless tobacco (snus) can serve as a model to disentangle what constituent of tobacco smoke may lower the risk. The aim of this study was to determine whether snus use was associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease.METHODS: Individual participant data were collected from seven prospective cohort studies, including 348 601 men. We used survival analysis with multivariable Cox regression to estimate study-specific relative risk of Parkinson's disease due to snus use, and random-effects models to pool estimates in a meta-analysis. The primary analyses were restricted to never-smokers to eliminate the potential confounding effect of tobacco smoking.RESULTS: During a mean follow-up time of 16.1 years, 1199 incident Parkinson's disease cases were identified. Among men who never smoked, ever-snus users had about 60% lower Parkinson's disease risk compared with never-snus users [pooled hazard ratio (HR) 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.28-0.61]. The inverse association between snus use and Parkinson's disease risk was more pronounced in current (pooled HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.23-0.63), moderate-heavy amount (pooled HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.19-0.90) and long-term snus users (pooled HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.24-0.83).CONCLUSIONS: Non-smoking men who used snus had a substantially lower risk of Parkinson's disease. Results also indicated an inverse dose-response relationship between snus use and Parkinson's disease risk. Our findings suggest that nicotine or other components of tobacco leaves may influence the development of Parkinson's disease.
|
|
