| 1. |
- Gao, Yaqing, et al.
(författare)
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Association of iron supplementation and deworming with early childhood development: analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys in ten low- and middle-income countries.
- 2021
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Ingår i: European journal of nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6215 .- 1436-6207. ; 60:6, s. 3119-3130
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assessed the associations of iron supplementation and deworming separately or combined with improved early childhood development (ECD) status.Cross-sectional data were analyzed for 29,729 children aged 36-59 months surveyed using the Demographic and Health Surveys in ten low- and middle-income countries, where iron supplementation and deworming are recommended by the World Health Organization. In each country, we estimated linear regression models for the effects of iron supplementation and deworming individually or combined on the Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI) z score, and whether this association differed between various ECD domains and the sex and residence of the child. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses.Compared with receiving neither of the two interventions, iron supplementation plus deworming was associated with an increased ECDI z score (β = 0.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03-0.22, p = 0.009), particularly in rural residences. However, iron supplementation and deworming, individually, were not associated with the ECDI z score. Iron supplementation plus deworming was associated with higher odds of on-track development in literacy-numeracy (OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.24-2.01, p < 0.001) and learning domains (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.09-1.48, p = 0.003), but not with development in the social-emotional and physical domains.Iron supplementation plus deworming, particularly for populations who are more susceptible to iron deficiency and intestinal worm infections, could be an important intervention for improving ECD. These findings may inform the argument for the necessity of implementing iron supplementation and deworming for preschool-age children.
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| 2. |
- Gao, Yaqing, et al.
(författare)
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Housing environment and early childhood development in sub-Saharan Africa: A cross-sectional analysis.
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLoS medicine. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1549-1676 .- 1549-1277. ; 18:4
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of the safety and security of environments on early childhood development (ECD) has been under-explored. Although housing might be linked to ECD by affecting a child's health and a parent's ability to provide adequate care, only a few studies have examined this factor. We hypothesized that housing environment is associated with ECD in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).From 92,433 children aged 36 to 59 months who participated in Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) in 20 SSA countries, 88,271 were tested for cognitive and social-emotional development using the Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI) questionnaire and were thus included in this cross-sectional analysis. Children's mean age was 47.2 months, and 49.8% were girls. Children were considered developmentally on track in a certain domain if they failed no more than 1 ECDI item in that domain. In each country, we used conditional logistic regression models to estimate the association between improved housing (housing with finished building materials, improved drinking water, improved sanitation facilities, and sufficient living area) and children's cognitive and social-emotional development, accounting for contextual effects and socioeconomic factors. Estimates from each country were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. Subgroup analyses were conducted by the child's gender, maternal education, and household wealth quintiles. On-track cognitive development was associated with improved housing (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.24, p < 0.001), improved drinking water (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.14, p = 0.046), improved sanitation facilities (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.28, p = 0.014), and sufficient living area (OR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.10, p = 0.018). On-track social-emotional development was associated with improved housing only in girls (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.25, p = 0.006). The main limitations of this study included the cross-sectional nature of the datasets and the use of the ECDI, which lacks sensitivity to measure ECD outcomes.In this study, we observed that improved housing was associated with on-track cognitive development and with on-track social-emotional development in girls. These findings suggest that housing improvement in SSA may be associated not only with benefits for children's physical health but also with broader aspects of healthy child development.
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| 3. |
- Xu, Yingting, et al.
(författare)
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3-Pentanol glycosides from root nodules of the actinorhizal plant Alnus cremastogyne
- 2023
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Ingår i: Phytochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-9422 .- 1873-3700. ; 207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alnus cremastogyne Burkill (Betulaceae), an actinorhizal plant, can enter a mutualistic symbiosis with Frankia species that leads to the formation of nitrogen fixing root nodules. Some primary metabolites (carbohydrates, dicarboxylic acids, amino acids, citrulline and amides) involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in actinorhizal nodules have been identified, while specialized metabolites in A. cremastogyne root nodules are yet to be characterized. In this study, we isolated and identified three undescribed 3-pentanol glycosides, i.e., 3-pentyl α-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1′′→6′)-β-d-glucopyranoside, 3-pentyl α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1′′→6′)-β-d-glucopyranoside, and 3-pentyl 6′-(3-hydroxy3-methylglutaryl)-β-d-glucopyranoside, as well as seventeen known compounds from A. cremastogyne root nodules. 3-Pentanol glycosides are abundantly distributed in root nodules, while they are distributed in stems, roots, leaves and fruits at low/zero levels. A. cremastogyne plants treated by root nodule suspension emit 3-pentanol. This study enriches the knowledge about specialized metabolites in the actinorhizal host, and provides preliminarily information on the signal exchange in the actinorhizal symbiosis between A. cremastogyne and Frankia.
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