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- Johansson, Veronica, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond Blind Optimism and Unfounded Fears : Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment Resistant Depression
- 2013
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Ingår i: Neuroethics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1874-5504 .- 1874-5490. ; 6:3, s. 457-471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of new medical treatments based on invasive technologies has often been surrounded by both hopes and fears. Hope, since a new intervention can create new opportunities either in terms of providing a cure for the disease or impairment at hand; or as alleviation of symptoms. Fear, since an invasive treatment involving implanting a medical device can result in unknown complications such as hardware failure and undesirable medical consequences. However, hopes and fears may also arise due to the cultural embeddedness of technology, where a therapy due to ethical, social, political and religious concerns could be perceived as either a blessing or a threat. While Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for treatment resistant depression (TRD) is still in its cradle, it is important to be proactive and try to scrutinize both surfacing hopes and fears. Patients will not benefit if a promising treatment is banned or avoided due to unfounded fears, nor will they benefit if DBS is used without scrutinizing the arguments which call for caution. Hence blind optimism is equally troublesome. We suggest that specificity, both in terms of a detailed account of relevant scientific concerns as well as ethical considerations, could be a way to analyse expressed concerns regarding DBS for TRD. This approach is particularly fruitful when applied to hopes and fears evoked by DBS for TRD, since it can reveal if our comprehension of DBS for TRD suffer from various biases which may remain unnoticed at first glance. We suggest that such biases exist, albeit a further analysis is needed to explore this issue in full.
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- Johansson, Veronica, et al.
(författare)
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Thinking Ahead on Deep Brain Stimulation: An Analysis of the Ethical Implications of a Developing Technology.
- 2014
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Ingår i: AJOB Neuroscience. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2150-7740 .- 2150-7759. ; 5:1, s. 24-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a developing technology. New generations of DBS technology are already in the pipeline, yet this particular fact has been largely ignored among ethicists interested in DBS. Focusing only on ethical concerns raised by the current DBS technology is, albeit necessary, not sufficient. Since current bioethical concerns raised by a specific technology could be quite different from the concerns it will raise a couple of years ahead, an ethical analysis should be sensitive to such alterations, or it could end up with results that soon become dated. The goal of this analysis is to address these changing bioethical concerns, to think ahead on upcoming and future DBS concerns both in terms of a changing technology and changing moral attitudes. By employing the distinction between inherent and noninherent bioethical concerns we identify and make explicit the particular limits and potentials for change within each category, respectively, including how present and upcoming bioethical concerns regarding DBS emerge and become obsolete. Many of the currently identified ethical problems with DBS, such as stimulation-induced mania, are a result of suboptimal technology. These challenges could be addressed by technical advances, while for instance perceptions of an altered body image caused by the mere awareness of having an implant may not. Other concerns will not emerge until the technology has become sophisticated enough for new uses to be realized, such as concerns on DBS for enhancement purposes. As a part of the present analysis, concerns regarding authenticity are used as an example.
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- Eriksson Linsmeier, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Can histology solve the riddle of non-functioning electrodes; factors influencing the biocompatibillity of brain machine interfaces.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Progress in Brain Research. - 0079-6123. ; 194, s. 181-189
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neural interfaces hold great promise to become invaluable clinical and diagnostic tools in the near future. However, the biocompatibility and the long-term stability of the implanted interfaces are far from optimized. There are several factors that need to be addressed and standardized when improving the long-term success of an implanted electrode. We have chosen to focus on three key factors when evaluating the evoked tissue responses after electrode implantation into the brain: implant size, fixation mode, and evaluation period. Further, we show results from an ultrathin multichannel wire electrode that has been implanted in the rat cerebral cortex for 1 year. To improve biocompatibility of implanted electrodes, we would like to suggest that free-floating, very small, flexible, and, in time, wireless electrodes would elicit a diminished cell encapsulation. We would also like to suggest standardized methods for the electrode design, the electrode implantation method, and the analyses of cell reactions after implantation into the CNS in order to improve the long-term success of implanted neural interfaces.
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- Ljungquist, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Framework for Storage, Analysis and Integration through Mediation of Large-scale Electrophysiological Data
- 2011
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Ingår i: 2011 5TH INTERNATIONAL IEEE/EMBS CONFERENCE ON NEURAL ENGINEERING (NER). - 1948-3546. ; , s. 203-207
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a framework based on object orientation with novel principles for how to store, analyze and integrate electrophysiological data. These principles are: (I) Using a Decorator pattern for storing analysis data in an object model, (II) using a Core Classes data structure for integration through mediation in a service bus architecture, and (III) choosing the single unit as the finest structure of the object model. With these principles, we address the problems of (1) how to relate the analysis data to the original electrophysiological data by utilizing design patterns, (2) how to integrate data from different data sources, both at application and organization levels and (3) avoiding performance problems by choosing the correct level of object granularity for the data.
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