| 1. |
- Moradi, Shahram, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of Noise on the Amount of Time Required for Correct Identification of Audiovisual Speech tasks
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This aim of this study was to investigate the degree to which audiovisual pre-sentation impacts on the isolation point (IPs, the time required for the correct identification of speech stimuli) in silence and noise using gating paradigm. The audiovisual-gated stimuli (consonants, words, and final words in sentences) were presented to 24 (11 men, 33 women) university students. The results showed that noise delays identification of consonants and words, but not for final-word identi-fication in highly and less predictable sentences.
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| 2. |
- Wadenvik, Hans, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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In vitro and in vivo behavior of 111In-labelled platelets: an experimental study of healthy male volunteers.
- 1987
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Ingår i: European journal of haematology. - 0902-4441. ; 38:5, s. 415-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to obtain a critical evaluation of a simple method for labelling platelets with 111In-oxine. All experiments were carried out on healthy volunteers. 65 +/- 7 (SD) % of the platelets in collected blood were labelled and reinjected. As compared to control experiments, only in response to a low final ADP concentration (1.0 mumol/l) did 111In-labelled platelets show reduced in vitro aggregability. The mean platelet volume for 111In-labelled platelets was slightly lower than the mean platelet volume in whole blood. The results for initial platelet recovery and platelet mean lifespan closely agreed with those of other studies in which considerably higher platelet extraction from whole blood was obtained. After injection, the splenic uptake and blood disappearance of 111In-labelled platelets followed a monoexponential function with almost identical rate constants. By compartmental analysis of the equilibration of platelets between blood and spleen, the splenic blood flow was estimated to be 4.8 +/- 1.9 (SD) % of the total blood volume/min; the intrasplenic platelet transit time was 9.7 +/- 1.6 (SD) min, and the exchangeable splenic platelet pool 31 +/- 8 (SD) %. Highly significant relationships were present between the splenic blood flow and the splenic platelet pool size, as well as between the splenic blood flow and the initial platelet recovery. It is concluded that the requirements for adequate interpretation of platelet kinetics are well met with the present method for harvesting and labelling of platelets.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Al-Daghri, N. M., et al.
(författare)
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The application of FRAX in Saudi Arabia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Archives of Osteoporosis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1862-3522 .- 1862-3514. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Summary Assessment and treatment pathways based on age-specific intervention thresholds in Saudi Arabi can be used to identify patients at high risk of fracture and avoid unnecessary treatment in those at low fracture risk. Purpose Intervention thresholds for the treatment of osteoporosis have historically been based on the measurement of bone mineral density. The aim of the present study was to explore treatment paths and characteristics of women eligible for treatment in Saudi Arabia based on fracture probabilities derived from FRAX (R). Methods The approach to the setting of intervention and assessment thresholds used the methodology adopted by the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group for FRAX-based guidelines in the UK but based on the epidemiology of fracture and death in Saudi Arabia. The methodology was applied to women age 40 years or more drawn from a tertiary referral population for skeletal assessment. Missing data for the calculation of FRAX was simulated using data from the referral and FRAX derivation cohorts. Results Intervention thresholds expressed as a 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture ranged from 2.0% at the age of 50 years increasing to 7.6% at the age of 70 years. A total of 163 of 1365 women (11.9%) had a prior fragility fracture and would be eligible for treatment for this reason. An additional 5 women were eligible for treatment in that MOF probabilities lay above the upper assessment threshold. A BMD test would be recommended for 593 women (43.4%) so that FRAX could be recalculated with the inclusion of femoral neck BMD. Of these, 220 individuals would be eligible for treatment after a BMD test and 373 women categorised at low risk after a BMD test. Conclusion Probability-based assessment of fracture risk using age-specific intervention thresholds was developed for Saudi Arabia to help guide decisions about treatment.
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| 5. |
- Alkhazov, GD, et al.
(författare)
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SPES4-pi: installation for exclusive study of nuclear reactions
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 551:2-3, s. 290-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper describes the spectrometric system "SPES4-pi" used at the National Laboratory Saturne (CE Saclay, France) for the exclusive study of the baryon resonance excitation in inelastic alpha and d scattering on the proton, as well as coherent pion production in charge exchange reactions. The system consists of the magnetic spectrometer SPES4 and two wide-aperture position-sensitive detector arrays, equipped with wire chambers and scintillator hodoscopes, installed around a large-gap C-shape dipole magnet.
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| 6. |
- Alkhede, Maria, 1961-
(författare)
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Aritmetik i förskolan : en studie av taluppfattningens betydelse för matematikundervisningen
- 2021
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kunskapsområdet matematik blir alltmer fokuserat även i förskolan, med mål av vilket kunnande barnen förväntas utveckla. Därav finns det behov av att förstå vad barn faktiskt erbjuds lära och vad de utvecklar för förmågor innan de börjar skolan. Studiens övergripande syfte är att beskriva på vilket sätt förskollärare utvecklar och iscensätter aktiviteter om tal och räknande, och vilket kunnande som blir möjligt för barnen att utveckla. Studien har fokuserat på förskollärarnas lärande samt iscensättande av aktiviteter med matematiskt innehåll (aritmetik, taluppfattning och räknefärdigheter). Den första delstudien beskriver processen kring förskollärares kollektiva lärande. Genom att reflektera och diskutera egna dokumentationer utvecklas de i sin profession avseende lärandet av tal och räknande i aktiviteter med barn. Den andra delstudien beskriver hur förskollärare planerar och iscensätter en aktivitet med fokus tal och räknande, och hur detta påverkade barnens möjligheter till lärande. Studien utgår från ett variationsteoriskt perspektiv (Marton, 2015) samt Chi’s (2009) taxonomi, avseende i vilken form aktiviteterna iscensätts (aktiv - konstruktiv - interaktiv). Studiens resultat visar att förskollärarnas lärande om ämnesinnehåll är en komplex process, där förskollärarnas delade erfarenheter gör det möjligt för dem att över tid urskilja nya aspekter av tal och räknande och därmed också hantera innehållet i aktiviteter på ett förändrat sätt. Studiens resultat visar även skillnader mellan hur lärarna valde att iscensätta aktiviteterna och att detta resulterade i olika möjligheter för barnen att lära.
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| 7. |
- Loydi, Alejandro, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution and effects of tree leaf litter on vegetation composition and biomass in a forest-grassland ecotone
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Plant Ecology. - Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press. - 1752-9921 .- 1752-993X. ; 7:3, s. 264-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimsAfter abandonment of grasslands, secondary succession leads to the invasion by woody species. This process begins with the accumulation of tree litter in the forest-grassland ecotone. Our objectives were to determine the relationships between litter amounts and vegetation composition and cover along natural forest-grassland ecotones and to experimentally study the initial effects of tree litter accumulation on grassland vegetation and on microsite conditions.MethodsWe established 11 transects varying from 12 to 15 m in length in different forest-grassland ecotones in the Lahn-Dill highlands, Germany, and measured the mass and cover of tree litter and the cover and composition of vegetation at five sequential positions along each transect by using 1 m(2) plots with five replications. In a field experiment, we established plots subjected to different litter amounts (0, 200 and 600 g m(-2)) and evaluated changes in grassland vegetation, soil temperature and soil nutrient availability below the litter layer.Important FindingsTree litter amounts decrease from 650 to 65 g m(-2) across the forest-grassland ecotone. Vegetation changed from shrubs and annual species (adapted to more stressful conditions) in the forests edge to grasses, rosettes and hemirosette species (with higher competitive abilities) in the grassland. These anthropogenic forest-grassland ecotones showed abrupt edges, and the two adjacent ecosystems were characterized by different species pools and functional groups. In the field experiment, the presence of a litter layer reduced vegetation biomass and cover; the species richness was only reduced in the treatment with high litter (600 g m(-2)). Additionally, adding litter on top of vegetation also reduced thermal amplitude and the number of frost days, while increasing the availability of some nutrients, such as nitrogen and aluminium, the latter being an indicator of soil acidification. Adding a tree litter layer of 600 g m(-2) in grassland areas had strong effects on the composition and diversity of grassland vegetation by reducing the cover of several key grassland species. In, or near, forest edges, litter accumulation rapidly changes established vegetation, microsite conditions and soil nutrients.
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| 8. |
- Newman, Jeffrey D., et al.
(författare)
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Catalytic materials, membranes and fabrication technologies suitable for the construction of amperometric biosensors
- 1995
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 67:24, s. 4594-4599
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A selection of recently available catalytic carbon powders were assessed and compared with the more conventionally used platinized material. Their suitability for incorporation in amperometric biosensors is discussed, In conjunction with this study, methods of applying membranes to the surfaces of these devices were investigated. Advanced fabrication technologies, potentially suitable for scale-up of sensor production, such as screen printing and ink-jet printing, were used for manufacture of the complete sensor structure. Hydrogen peroxide-sensing electrodes and glucose biosensors were produced as model systems, demonstrating the advantages of these approaches. The commercially available rhodinized carbon MCA4 produced a high current density at low potentials over a plateau region (300-400 mV vs SCE). In addition, direct oxidation of glucose (seen with platinized carbon) was not observed at the chosen potential of +350 mV. Further interference studies using fermentation media highlighted its suitability as an electrode material for use in complex samples. Ink-jet printing proved to be a successful method for the deposition of Nafion membranes of defined and reproducible geometry.
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| 9. |
- Pocorni, Jetro, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical simulation of laser ablation driven melt waves
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Manufacturing Processes. - : Elsevier. - 1526-6125. ; 30, s. 303-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerical simulations on the melt flow down the keyhole front during fibre laser welding are presented here. The calculations confirm the existence of melt waves previously observed by high speed imaging, with velocities ranging between 4-10 m/s. The simulations provide spatial and temporal information on the temperature and flow fields, particularly within the melt film volume, which cannot be observed by high speed imaging. The ablation pressure achieves high values around wave-peaks and at the bottom of the front, just before droplets are sheared off. The simulation results provide explanations on the main liquid transport mechanisms within the keyhole based on information on the temperature, velocity and pressure field and on the geometrical front conditions.
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| 10. |
- Al Dabbagh, Zewar
(författare)
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Patients with femoral and tibial shaft fractures : aspects on epidemiology and pain therapy
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Fractures of the tibial and femoral shafts are common injuries with outcomes depending on injury mechanism, fracture pattern, patient-specific data and treatment methods. Nationwide epidemiological data on these often serious injuries are sparse. Information on long-term therapy with opioids in these patients is lacking in the literature. Therefore, the aim of the present thesis was to study the incidence, mechanism of injury and treatment methods of patients with tibial and femoral shaft fractures. Soft tissue reconstructions and amputations after open tibial fractures in Sweden were also analyzed. Moreover, the long-term pattern of opioid prescriptions in patients after tibial and femoral shaft fractures was examined on a nationwide basis. Patients and methods : Data on all hospital admissions for tibial and femoral shaft fractures during 1998-2004 (study I-II) and for open tibial fractures during 1998-2010 (study III) were extracted from the Swedish National Hospital Discharge Register. Incidence rates (IR) per 100,000 person-years (pyr), mechanisms of injury, surgical interventions and amputation rates were analyzed. The Swedish Prescribed Drug Register was used to extract data on long-term opioid prescriptions for patients sustaining tibial (study IV) and femoral (study V) shaft fractures during 2005-2008. Age- and sex-matched control groups without the index fracture were gathered from the Total Population Register for comparisons. Results : Study I. 10,627 admissions for tibial shaft fractures corresponding to an annual IR of 17/100,000 pyr were identified. The number of hospital admissions declined by 12% during the study period with more reduction in male incidence. Most admissions were found in the age-groups 10-19 years in males and 50-59 years in females. Study II. 6,409 admissions for femoral shaft fractures were identified corresponding to an annual IR of 10/100,000 pyr. The total number of hospital admissions remained stable during 1998-2004. Most admissions were generated by females in the 80-89 years age-group and by males under the age of 10 years. Study III. Of 3,777 patients with open tibial fractures, 9% underwent soft tissue reconstructive surgery. The overall rate of amputation was 3.6%. The risk of amputation according to an adjusted analysis was increased in patients older than 70 years (OR 2.7) and in patients who underwent soft-tissue reconstructions (OR 3.1). Study IV. A total of 2,571 patients with isolated tibial shaft fractures were identified, of whom 25% filled prescriptions of strong opioids after the fracture. An adjusted analysis revealed that older patients (>=50 years) were more likely to end opioid prescriptions (HR 1.5). At six, 12 and 18 months after the fracture, 21%, 14% and 11% of the patients respectively, were still getting prescribed opioids. Study V. A total of 1,471 patients with isolated femoral shaft fractures were identified, of whom 61% received prescriptions of opioids (strong and/or weak) during a median follow-up of 20 months. In the age- and sex-matched control cohort without fracture (7,339 individuals), 25% had opioid prescriptions dispensed during the same period. Conclusions: Nationwide epidemiological data on patients with tibial and femoral shaft fractures can be used by healthcare providers to plan hospital beds, surgical interventions, risk preventions and centralization of more complicated injuries. The amputation rate after open tibial fractures is low. The risk of amputation is increased in older patients and if the reconstruction is delayed beyond 72 hours. A notable proportion of patients continue to receive prescribed opioids several months after femoral and tibial fractures. However, the risk of dose escalations seems to be small.
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