| 1. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
- Ji, S., et al.
(författare)
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Use of Brain Biomechanical Models for Monitoring Impact Exposure in Contact Sports
- 2022
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Ingår i: Annals of Biomedical Engineering. - : Springer Nature. - 0090-6964 .- 1573-9686. ; 50:11, s. 1389-1408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Head acceleration measurement sensors are now widely deployed in the field to monitor head kinematic exposure in contact sports. The wealth of impact kinematics data provides valuable, yet challenging, opportunities to study the biomechanical basis of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and subconcussive kinematic exposure. Head impact kinematics are translated into brain mechanical responses through physics-based computational simulations using validated brain models to study the mechanisms of injury. First, this article reviews representative legacy and contemporary brain biomechanical models primarily used for blunt impact simulation. Then, it summarizes perspectives regarding the development and validation of these models, and discusses how simulation results can be interpreted to facilitate injury risk assessment and head acceleration exposure monitoring in the context of contact sports. Recommendations and consensus statements are presented on the use of validated brain models in conjunction with kinematic sensor data to understand the biomechanics of mTBI and subconcussion. Mainly, there is general consensus that validated brain models have strong potential to improve injury prediction and interpretation of subconcussive kinematic exposure over global head kinematics alone. Nevertheless, a major roadblock to this capability is the lack of sufficient data encompassing different sports, sex, age and other factors. The authors recommend further integration of sensor data and simulations with modern data science techniques to generate large datasets of exposures and predicted brain responses along with associated clinical findings. These efforts are anticipated to help better understand the biomechanical basis of mTBI and improve the effectiveness in monitoring kinematic exposure in contact sports for risk and injury mitigation purposes.
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| 4. |
- Aizawa, Kunihiko, et al.
(författare)
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Reservoir Pressure Integral Is Independently Associated With the Reduction in Renal Function in Older Adults
- 2022
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Ingår i: Hypertension. - 0194-911X. ; 79:10, s. 2364-2372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Arterial hemodynamic parameters derived from reservoir-excess pressure analysis exhibit prognostic utility. Reservoir-excess pressure analysis may provide useful information about an influence of altered hemodynamics on target organ such as the kidneys. We determined whether the parameters derived from the reservoir-excess pressure analysis were associated with the reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate in 542 older adults (69.4±7.9 years, 194 females) at baseline and after 3 years. Methods: Reservoir-excess pressure parameters, including reservoir pressure integral, excess pressure integral, systolic, and diastolic rate constants, were obtained by radial artery tonometry. Results: After 3 years, and in a group of 94 individuals (72.4±7.6 years, 26 females), there was an estimated glomerular filtration rate reduction of >5% per year (median reduction of 20.5% over 3 years). A multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that higher baseline reservoir pressure integral was independently associated with a smaller reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate after accounting for conventional cardiovascular risk factors and study centers (odds ratio: 0.660 [95% CIs, 0.494-0.883]; P=0.005). The association remained unchanged after further adjustments for potential confounders and baseline renal function (odds ratio: 0.528 [95% CIs, 0.351-0.794]; P=0.002). No other reservoir-excess pressure parameters exhibited associations with the reduction in renal function. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that baseline reservoir pressure integral was associated with the decline in renal function in older adults at 3-year follow-up, independently of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. This suggests that reservoir pressure integral may play a role in the functional decline of the kidneys.
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| 5. |
- Ament-Velásquez, Sandra Lorena, Ph.D. 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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The Dynamics of Adaptation to Stress from Standing Genetic Variation and de novo Mutations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Molecular biology and evolution. - : Oxford University Press. - 0737-4038 .- 1537-1719. ; 39:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adaptation from standing genetic variation is an important process underlying evolution in natural populations, but we rarely get the opportunity to observe the dynamics of fitness and genomic changes in real time. Here, we used experimental evolution and Pool-Seq to track the phenotypic and genomic changes of genetically diverse asexual populations of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in four environments with different fitness costs. We found that populations rapidly and in parallel increased in fitness in stressful environments. In contrast, allele frequencies showed a range of trajectories, with some populations fixing all their ancestral variation in <30 generations and others maintaining diversity across hundreds of generations. We detected parallelism at the genomic level (involving genes, pathways, and aneuploidies) within and between environments, with idiosyncratic changes recurring in the environments with higher stress. In particular, we observed a tendency of becoming haploid-like in one environment, whereas the populations of another environment showed low overall parallelism driven by standing genetic variation despite high selective pressure. This work highlights the interplay between standing genetic variation and the influx of de novo mutations in populations adapting to a range of selective pressures with different underlying trait architectures, advancing our understanding of the constraints and drivers of adaptation.
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| 6. |
- Fahlstedt, Madelen, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Ranking and Rating Bicycle Helmet Safety Performance in Oblique Impacts Using Eight Different Brain Injury Models
- 2021
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Ingår i: Annals of Biomedical Engineering. - : Springer. - 0090-6964 .- 1573-9686.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bicycle helmets are shown to offer protection against head injuries. Rating methods and test standards are used to evaluate different helmet designs and safety performance. Both strain-based injury criteria obtained from finite element brain injury models and metrics derived from global kinematic responses can be used to evaluate helmet safety performance. Little is known about how different injury models or injury metrics would rank and rate different helmets. The objective of this study was to determine how eight brain models and eight metrics based on global kinematics rank and rate a large number of bicycle helmets (n=17) subjected to oblique impacts. The results showed that the ranking and rating are influenced by the choice of model and metric. Kendall’s tau varied between 0.50 and 0.95 when the ranking was based on maximum principal strain from brain models. One specific helmet was rated as 2-star when using one brain model but as 4-star by another model. This could cause confusion for consumers rather than inform them of the relative safety performance of a helmet. Therefore, we suggest that the biomechanics community should create a norm or recommendation for future ranking and rating methods.
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| 7. |
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