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Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Gillberg Christopher 1950 ) srt2:(1995-1999)"

Sökning: WFRF:(Gillberg Christopher 1950 ) > (1995-1999)

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1.
  • Gillberg, I Carina, 1949, et al. (författare)
  • Autism in immigrants: a population-based study from Swedish rural and urban areas.
  • 1996
  • Ingår i: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. - 0964-2633. ; 40 ( Pt 1), s. 24-31
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In a population study, 55 children aged 13 years and under were diagnosed as suffering from autistic disorder according to DSM-III-R criteria. Fifteen of these children (27%) were born to parents, at least one of whom had migrated to Sweden. These 15 cases were analysed in some detail with a view to finding possible background factors that could account for the relatively high prevalence of autism among some immigrant populations. In a few cases, autism or Asperger syndrome had been diagnosed in a native Swedish parent who went abroad in order to find a spouse. In several other cases, the child was the first child born in Sweden after the mother had moved there. The contribution of genetic and other prenatal factors to autism in immigrant populations is discussed.
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2.
  • Nilsson, E. W, et al. (författare)
  • Ten-year follow-up of adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa: personality disorders
  • 1999
  • Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-8567. ; 38:11, s. 1389-1395
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To study the development of personality disorders, especially those involving obsessions, compulsions, and social interaction problems, in a representative group of anorexia nervosa (AN) cases. METHOD: The prevalence of personality disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and autism spectrum disorders at mean age 24 years (10 years after reported onset) was examined in 51 adolescent-onset AN cases recruited after community screening and 51 comparison cases matched for age, sex, and school. All 102 cases had originally been examined at age 16 years and followed up at 21 years. At 24 years, structured and validated psychiatric diagnostic interviews were performed by a psychiatrist who was blind to original diagnosis. The majority of AN cases (94%) were weight-restored. RESULTS: Personality disorders, particularly cluster C, and autism spectrum disorders were overrepresented in the AN group. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and/or autism spectrum disorder was diagnosed in a subgroup of AN cases in all 3 studies. This subgroup had a very poor psychosocial outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent problems with obsessions, compulsions, and social interaction characterized a substantial minority of weight-restored AN cases at 10-year follow-up. These problems appear to be constitutional rather than a result of AN, and they may warrant a different treatment approach.
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3.
  • Nordin, Viviann, et al. (författare)
  • Gangliosides in cerebrospinal fluid in children with autism spectrum disorders.
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 40:9, s. 587-594
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycolipids found in all cells, especially abundant in nerve cells and mainly situated on outer-membrane surfaces. The aim of this study was to provide data on the concentration of gangliosides in the CSF of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) - 66 with autistic disorder, and 19 with other autism spectrum disorders. The comparison group consisted of 29 children and adolescents, whose CSF had been sampled to exclude acute infectious CNS disorder. The concentrations of the gangliosides GM1, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b were determined using a microimmunoaffinity technique. The ASD group had a significantly higher concentration of ganglioside GM1 compared with the comparison group. The GM1 increase could not be explained as secondary to other clinical factors. Mean ganglioside levels did not differentiate subgroups with autistic disorder and those with a more atypical clinical picture, nor subgroups with known medical disorders and those with idiopathic autism. Altered patterns of gangliosides in the CNS might reflect important correlates of pathogenesis in autism.
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4.
  • Råstam, Maria, 1948, et al. (författare)
  • Alexithymia in anorexia nervosa: a controlled study using the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale.
  • 1997
  • Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 95:5, s. 385-388
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) was completed at the age of 22 years by individuals who had previously suffered from anorexia nervosa (AN), and also by members of a comparison group. The AN and comparison groups had been recruited from community samples. Overall, the TAS scores did not clearly discriminate between the two groups. However, the AN group was significantly more often represented among subjects with the highest TAS scores. A subgroup with empathy disorder tended to have particularly high scores. It is concluded that alexithymia, as defined using the TAS-20, is found only in a subgroup of individuals with AN, and possibly more often in those who are also clinically diagnosed as suffering from empathy disorder. The TAS-20 is not suitable for screening of AN in the general population.
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5.
  • Aldén, B, et al. (författare)
  • Long-term psychological outcome of children after surgery for transposition of the great arteries.
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - 0803-5253. ; 87:4, s. 405-410
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To assess the psychological consequences of a single congenital heart defect, we tested intellectual function, self-perception, "body image", child psychiatric symptoms and the family climate in 21 boys and 10 girls, at a mean age of 13.2 y, on average 11.5 y after surgery for transposition of the great arteries. Where applicable, test norms were used for comparison. WISC-R IQ tended to be slightly lower than that of the general population. Self-perception, as reflected on the "I think I am" test, was normal. "Body image" as measured by the "Draw-a-man" test was poor in the boys, but did not show a relationship with any other test tapping mental health. Six children (19%) had clinically significant child psychiatric symptoms, which is slightly more than expected, and were overrepresented in patients with poorer cardiac function. Five of these represented "internalizing" disorders. The patients' families scored higher than expected on the family climate "chaos" subscale, which has been demonstrated to be associated with the development of psychiatric symptoms. Overall, however, the children and their families were regarded as socially and psychologically well-functioning.
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6.
  • Aronson, Marita, et al. (författare)
  • Attention deficits and autistic spectrum problems in children exposed to alcohol during gestation: a follow-up study
  • 1997
  • Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 39:9, s. 583-587
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Children born to mothers who had abused alcohol throughout pregnancy had severe behavioural and intellectual problems which remained at age 11 to 14 years. Of 24 children examined, 10 had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with or without developmental coordination disorder, two had Asperger syndrome, and one had an autistic-like condition not meeting the criteria for Asperger syndrome. Six of these 24 attended special schools for the mentally retarded and a further 11 were given special education, leaving only seven attending regular schools without any type of support. The children had difficulties in mathematics, logical conclusions, visual perception, spatial relations, short-term memory, and attention. Sixteen children lived in foster homes. There was a clear correlation between the occurrence and severity of the neuropsychiatric disorder and the degree of alcohol exposure in utero.
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7.
  • Arvidsson, Thomas, et al. (författare)
  • Autism in 3-6-Year-Old Children in a Suburb of Goteborg, Sweden
  • 1997
  • Ingår i: Autism. - : SAGE Publications. - 1362-3613 .- 1461-7005. ; 1:2, s. 163-173
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • 1941 ofthe 3-6-year-old children living in a community outside Gbteborg on the Swedish west coast were screened with a view to identifying all individuals with severe degrees of autistic behaviour. All children in the population were known to well baby clinic staff, and any child suspected of suffering from autism was referred to a specialized clinical research team. The nurses and doctors working in the well baby clinics were well informed about autism. Clinical and ADI-R diagnoses of autism were established after thorough clinical assessments of each suspected case. All children were seen at least twice, and all were over the age of 3 years at the time of diagnosis. The general population prevalence for autism was 3 I in I o,ooo children (9; percent confidence interval 7/ g;). Classic Kanner autism was found in I o in Io,ooo children (9; percent confidence interval-4/24). These rates appear to reflect higher rates than previously reported. Some reasons for the possibly higher prevalence are discussed.
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8.
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9.
  • Ehlers, Stephan, et al. (författare)
  • A screening questionnaire for Asperger syndrome and other high-functioning autism spectrum disorders in school age children
  • 1999
  • Ingår i: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. - 0162-3257. ; 29:2, s. 129-141
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The high-functioning Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) is a 27-item check- list for completion by lay informants when assessing symptoms characteristic of Asperger syn- drome and other high-functioning autism spectrum disorders in children and adolescents with normal intelligence or mild mental retardation. Data for parent and teacher ratings in a clini- cal sample are presented along with various measures of reliability and validity. Optimal cut- off scores were estimated, using Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis. Findings indi- cate that the ASSQ is a useful brief screening device for the identification of autism spectrum disorders in clinical settings.
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10.
  • Ehlers, Stephan, et al. (författare)
  • Asperger syndrome, autism and attention disorders: a comparative study of the cognitive profiles of 120 children.
  • 1997
  • Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 38:2, s. 207-217
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) was applied (in a Swedish version) in 120 children with Asperger syndrome, autistic disorder, and attention disorders. Using stepwise logistic regression analysis, the WISC's discriminating ability was investigated. The overall rate of correct diagnostic classification was 63%. Further, WISC profiles were analysed within each group. The group with autistic disorder was characterised by a peak on Block Design. The Asperger syndrome group had good verbal ability and troughs on Object Assembly and Coding. The group with attention disorders had troughs on Coding and Arithmetic. The results suggest that Kaufman's Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organisation and Freedom from Distractibility factors rather than verbal IQ and performance IQ account for the variance on the WISC. Furthermore, the Asperger syndrome and autistic disorder groups differed in respect of "fluid" and "crystallised" cognitive ability.
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