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- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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- Fenstermacher, M.E., et al.
(författare)
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DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.
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- Gong, Dawei, et al.
(författare)
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A Computer-Assisted Diagnosis System for the Detection of Chronic Gastritis in Endoscopic Images Using A Novel Convolution and Relative Self-Attention Parallel Network
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2169-3536. ; 11, s. 116990-117003
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic gastritis mainly includes chronic non-atrophic gastritis (CNAG), autoimmune gastritis (AIG), and type B gastritis. Early detection of AIG and type B gastritis will help identify high-risk groups for gastric cancer and prevent the development of irreversible peripheral neuropathy. We aim to develop a computer-assisted diagnosis (CADx) system by presenting a novel Convolution and Relative Self-Attention Parallel Network (CRSAPNet). We collected 3576 endoscopic images of chronic gastritis from 205 patients. MBConv and Relative Self-Attention Parallel Block (CRSAPB) was proposed to concatenate local features (such as mucosal folds and mucosal vessels extracted by MBConv) and global features (such as atrophied area extracted by Relative Self-Attention) in parallel in the last two stages of CRSAPNet. The CADx system distinguished AIG from type B gastritis and CNAG. The CRSAPNet achieved the highest overall accuracy of 95.44% (94.65% precision, 93.51% recall, 94.08% F1-score for AIG) with the fewest parameters. We used Grad-CAM to visually analyze the heat maps. We only replaced the original blocks of the third stage of ResNet50 and ConvNeXt-T with CRSAPB, resulting in an overall accuracy improvement of 0.37%, and 4.19%, respectively. Furthermore, the CADx system classified the three types of chronic gastritis for the first time. The CRSAPNet achieved an overall accuracy of 91.62%, and the overall accuracies in the location of the gastric body and gastric fundus were 93.43% and 92.51%, respectively. A new state-of-the-art deep learning network is introduced to distinguish AIG from type B gastritis and CNAG, and a classification for three types of chronic gastritis is reported for the first time.
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- Gong, Yilun, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of corrosive attack of Fe9Cr1Mo alloys in pressurised CO2 for prediction of breakaway oxidation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To provide clarity on the poorly-understood mechanism of breakaway oxidation, corrosion of Fe9Cr1Mo steel in pressurised CO2 is quantified and modelled. The temperature range 400-640 degrees C, relevant to nuclear power plants, is emphasised. Attack is in the form of combined oxide scale growth and internal carburisation of the metal. Carbon activity in the metal at its surface exhibits a strong time dependence consistent with the kinetically-limited transport of carbon due to the slow Boudouard reaction. Breakaway is associated with the approach to saturation of the steel with respect to carbon. Diffusion modelling agrees well with steel carbide precipitation observations.
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