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Sökning: WFRF:(Gorbach Tetiana 1991 ) > (2023)

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1.
  • Gorbach, Tetiana, 1991-, et al. (författare)
  • Contrasting Identifying Assumptions of Average Causal Effects : Robustness and Semiparametric Efficiency
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of machine learning research. - : Microtome Publishing. - 1532-4435 .- 1533-7928. ; 24:197, s. 1-65
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Semiparametric inference on average causal effects from observational data is based on assumptions yielding identification of the effects. In practice, several distinct identifying assumptions may be plausible; an analyst has to make a delicate choice between these models. In this paper, we study three identifying assumptions based on the potential outcome framework: the back-door assumption, which uses pre-treatment covariates, the front-door assumption, which uses mediators, and the two-door assumption using pre-treatment covariates and mediators simultaneously. We provide the efficient influence functions and the corresponding semiparametric efficiency bounds that hold under these assumptions, and their combinations. We demonstrate that neither of the identification models provides uniformly the most efficient estimation and give conditions under which some bounds are lower than others. We show when semiparametric estimating equation estimators based on influence functions attain the bounds, and study the robustness of the estimators to misspecification of the nuisance models. The theory is complemented with simulation experiments on the finite sample behavior of the estimators. The results obtained are relevant for an analyst facing a choice between several plausible identifying assumptions and corresponding estimators. Our results show that this choice implies a trade-off between efficiency and robustness to misspecification of the nuisance models. 
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2.
  • Lövdén, Martin, 1972, et al. (författare)
  • No moderating influence of education on the association between changes in hippocampus volume and memory performance in aging
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Aging Brain. - : Elsevier. - 2589-9589. ; 4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Contemporary accounts of factors that may modify the risk for age-related neurocognitive disorders highlight education and its contribution to a cognitive reserve. By this view, individuals with higher educational attainment should show weaker associations between changes in brain and cognition than individuals with lower educational attainment. We tested this prediction in longitudinal data on hippocampus volume and episodic memory from 708 middle-aged and older individuals using local structural equation modeling. This technique does not require categorization of years of education and does not constrain the shape of relationships, thereby maximizing the chances of revealing an effect of education on the hippocampus-memory association. The results showed that the data were plausible under the assumption that there was no influence of education on the association between change in episodic memory and change in hippocampus volume. Restricting the sample to individuals with elevated genetic risk for dementia (APOE ε4 carriers) did not change these results. We conclude that the influence of education on changes in episodic memory and hippocampus volume is inconsistent with predictions by the cognitive reserve theory.
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