| 1. |
- Acosta, Helena, et al.
(författare)
-
The serpin PN1 is a feedback regulator of FGF signaling in germ layer and primary axis formation.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Development: For advances in developmental biology and stem cells. - : The Company of Biologists. - 1477-9129. ; 142:6, s. 1146-1158
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Germ layer formation and primary axis development rely on Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). In Xenopus, the secreted serine protease HtrA1 induces mesoderm and posterior trunk/tail structures by facilitating the spread of FGF signals. Here, we show that the serpin Protease nexin-1 (PN1) is transcriptionally activated by FGF signals, suppresses mesoderm and promotes head development in mRNA-injected embryos. An antisense morpholino oligonucleotide against PN1 has the opposite effect and inhibits ectodermal fate. However, ectoderm and anterior head structures can be restored in PN1-depleted embryos when HtrA1 and FGF receptor activities are diminished, indicating that FGF signals negatively regulate their formation. We show that PN1 binds to and inhibits HtrA1, prevents degradation of the proteoglycan Syndecan 4 and restricts paracrine FGF/Erk signaling. Our data suggest that PN1 is a negative-feedback regulator of FGF signaling and has important roles in ectoderm and head development.
|
|
| 2. |
- Pera, Edgar, et al.
(författare)
-
Whole-mount in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in Xenopus embryos.
- 2015. - 1
-
Ingår i: In Situ Hybridization Methods. - New York, NY : Springer New York. - 1940-6045 .- 0893-2336. - 9781493923021 - 9781493944637 - 9781493923038 ; 99, s. 151-167
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Xenopus is a favorable experimental model in developmental biology. With its fast and external development, high number of progeny and large size, early embryos are well suited for micromanipulation to study the function of genes with relevance to human diseases. In this chapter, we present a combined method for lineage tracing and whole-mount in situ hybridization. In addition, we present protocols for immunohistochemistry and assays to monitor the cell proliferation and apoptosis in whole embryos.
|
|
