| 1. |
- Carmona, Salvador, et al.
(författare)
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Measures vs actions : The Balanced Scorecard in Swedish Law Enforcement
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Operations & Production Management. - : Emerald. - 0144-3577 .- 1758-6593. ; 23:12, s. 1475-1496
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of organizational performance have overwhelmingly relied on evidence gathered from private sector firms. Nevertheless, the past several years have witnessed increasing interest in enhancing effectiveness and efficiency in the public sector, in turn generating considerable investment in the deployment of performance metrics in such settings. Though extant evidence provides many perceptive insights into the specifics of performance frameworks in public sector organizations, little is known about the measurement of organizational performance in police work. Our investigation drew upon the deployment of the balanced scorecard in Swedish Law Enforcement, an organization that long ago implemented the new paradigm of policing, which consisted of enhancing the quality of urban life on the mere making of arrests. Results from this investigation concur with other studies indicating that public sector organizations tend to assume a stakeholder perspective on performance measurement. In particular, Swedish Law Enforcement developed a set of measures of external success and internal performance that addressed present, past, and future time dimensions. Implementation of the balanced scorecard in police work, though, raised some problems. Our study details concern about the aggregation of non‐financial performance measures. More importantly, some crucial areas in the new concept of policing (such as community policing) were neglected by the system. Conversely, the system focused on monitoring some easy‐to‐measure indicators that provided a traditional view of police work while some crucial areas of policing were not measured. This focus ultimately lessened the operational potential of the balanced scorecard system. Our study also puts forward some suggestions for future research in this area.
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| 2. |
- Chiorescu, Sorin, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the role of the harvester within the forestry-wood chain
- 2001
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Ingår i: Forest products journal. - 0015-7473. ; 51:2, s. 77-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, a lot of effort has been devoted to implementing the concept of an integrated forestry-wood chain. Good management of such a complex system requires a clear understanding of the effects that different factors involved may have on the final output of the chain. Raw material databases and simulation software capable of spanning the wood-processing operations have now been developed and are being used as a support tool in understanding and optimizing the forestry-wood chain. This paper reports results of simulation tests using the virtual SawMill software and the Swedish Pine Stem Bank database. The simulated scenario tries to mirror a very customer-oriented production philosophy. The bucking, the sawing, the crosscutting, and the board-grading procedures were simulated for different end-user requirements and a statistical model was built. The purpose of the model was to investigate the theoretical sensitivity of the final product to parameters such as external sawlog features (taper, ovality, bow), harvester measurement accuracy (for length and diameter), sawing pattern optimization, and log positioning in the saw line. Special emphasis was put on evaluating the role of the harvester within this "puzzle." The results show that small improvements of the harvester's measuring performance could lead to considerable improvements in the wood transformation chain.
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| 3. |
- Chiorescu, Sorin, et al.
(författare)
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The fingerprint approach : using data generated by a 3D log scanner on debarked logs to accomplish traceability in the sawmill's log yard
- 2004
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Ingår i: Forest products journal. - 0015-7473. ; 54:12, s. 269-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technological advances in the area of optical scanning have made sophisticated equipment such as three-dimensional (3D) log scanners available to the sawmill industry. In a typical Swedish sawmill, the measurements obtained from the 3D log scanner placed at the log sorting station is used exclusively for scaling and sorting the sawlogs. In the same way, the information obtained from the 3D log scanner placed at the saw intake is used exclusively for optimal positioning of the sawlog into the headrig. Meanwhile, large knowledge gaps regarding the flow and the origin of the sawlogs persist in the sawmill's daily routine. For the Swedish sawmills performing presorting of sawlogs, the most critical information gap exists between the log sorting station and the saw intake, where the forest log batch identity disappears, and the logs are mixed according to various sorting criteria. This study attempts to use the data generated by 3D log scanners together with advanced recognition algorithms to develop a traceability system, marking/reading free, between the log sorting station and the saw intake when working with debarked logs. The originality of the fingerprint approach rests on the hypothesis that logs are separate entities with individual features. Measuring these features with the same type of measuring device at both the log sorting station and at the saw intake and then connecting the data to a common database will permit each individual sawlog to be tracked within the sawmill and will thus make it possible to develop an advanced raw material flow control.
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| 4. |
- Chiorescu, Sorin, et al.
(författare)
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The fingerprint approach: Using data generated by a 2-axis log scanner to accomplish traceability in the sawmill's log yard
- 2003
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Ingår i: Forest products journal. - 0015-7473. ; 53:2, s. 78-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today the sawmill industry is in possession of sophisticated measuring devices for sawlogs. This equipment is employed in practice for measuring log dimensions, and the data gathered are used for sorting out sawlogs according to different criteria or for judging potential quality for future end-uses. However, a lot of these data are not fully utilized. Meanwhile, large knowledge gaps regarding the flow and the origin of the wood material persist in the sawmill's daily routine. For sawmills performing presorting of sawlogs, the most significant information gap is located between the log sorting station and the saw intake where the log batch identity disappears and the logs are mixed according to different sorting criteria. This study attempts to use the data generated by 2-axis log scanners to develop a traceability system, the fingerprint approach (a marking/reading free system), between the log sorting station and the saw intake. The originality of the fingerprint approach is based on the biological variability of the wood material; the assumption is that each sawlog is a unique individual with unique features. Measuring these features at the log sorting station and at the saw intake and then connecting them to a common database will in fact permit each individual sawlog to be followed within the sawmill and thus enable the development of an advanced raw material flow control. The results of this work entirely indicate the promising potential of the fingerprint approach, which is based on the hypothesis that logs are separate entities with individual features. Being able to separate logs at the individual level is essentially a question of taking advantage of the right log features, measuring them with high accuracy, and employing appropriate search/recognition algorithms. The log parameters and the measurement accuracy generated by the 2-axis log scanner used in this study were not enough to accomplish individual separation for more than 34 percent of the logs. An improvement of measurement accuracy by 30 percent would allow 50 percent of the logs to be individually separated.
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| 5. |
- Chiorescu, Sorin, et al.
(författare)
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The fingerprint method : using over-bark and under-bark log measurement data generated by three-dimensional log scanners in combination with radiofrequency identification tags to achieve traceability in the log yard at the sawmill
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 19:4, s. 374-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the forestry-wood chain the concept and the technologies of traceability are in a mature development phase. Important advances in marking and reading techniques have been made in different parts along the forestry-wood chain. For Swedish sawmills the most critical information gap is located between the log sorting station and the saw intake, where the forest log batch identity disappears and the logs are mixed according to different sorting criteria. This study utilizes radiofrequency identification tags for automatic log marking/reading to develop a traceability system for logs, which is free of marking/reading, between the log sorting station and the saw intake, i.e. the fingerprint method. The originality of the fingerprint approach rests on the hypothesis that logs are separate entities with individual features. The results show that the log parameters and the search algorithm developed, combined with the negative influence of the measurement uncertainty due to bark thickness and bark damage, made it possible to achieve an individual separation for 57% of the tested logs.
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| 6. |
- Chiorescu, Sorin, et al.
(författare)
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The visual grading system for Scots pine logs in relation to the quality of sideboards produced
- 2003
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Ingår i: Forest products journal. - 0015-7473. ; 43:1, s. 53-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presorting logs in the sawmill's log yard is one of the strategies used by the Swedish sawmilling industry in order to maximize profits. Almost 96 percent of Swedish sawmills perform the presorting of logs according to their dimension, most commonly by the top diameter. Only a very small number of sawmills use log grade information as a sorting criterion. However, the grade information at individual log level, together with the estimated volume, is always used for the calculation of log payment. The quality assessment of the log is done on a visual basis, i.e., the measurer grades the log on what he/she sees on the outside of the log. This judging should correspond to the expected quality of the Centerboards produced after sawing. Current studies have only related the centerboards' quality to the log quality grade arrived at by visual inspection. In view of the economic importance of the sideboards in the lumber yield and in the entire functioning of a sawmill, a real need for information on the recovery of sideboards in relation to log and centerboard quality is now arising and becoming a key issue. In this study, with the help of the entire Swedish Pine Stem Bank material, the relationship between the sideboard's quality and the log's quality and the relationship between the quality of sideboards and of centerboards were studied. Results show that sideboard quality cannot be predicted from the visual quality assessment of the logs. Nevertheless, fairly good correlation exists between sideboard quality and the quality of the corresponding centerboards. A financial analysis focusing on the relationship between the commercial values of the sawlogs and the corresponding lumber output for the Swedish Pine Stem Bank material is also included in this study. The study shows that the actual Swedish log pricing system should be improved because the commercial values of the logs are not in accord with the real values of the lumber produced.
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| 7. |
- Chiorescu, Sorin, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of a CT-based simulator against a sawmill yield
- 2000
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Ingår i: Forest products journal. - 0015-7473. ; 50:6, s. 69-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past decade, the sawmill sector has made significant advancements in developing methods for measuring inner properties of sawlogs. Noninvasive scanning, e.g., x-ray scanning, has proven to have good prospects for on-line implementation in sawmills. When the internal scanning technique does come on-line in sawmills, software able to utilize the scanned information becomes a useful tool to control the sawing process. Thus, the validation of such a computed tomography (CT)-based software against sawmill cutting becomes an important step in the development of the whole scanning approach. This paper presents the results of an effort to simulate the 1-year lumber production of a medium-sized Swedish sawmill with the aid of a CT-based simulator, the virtual SawMill (vSM). This saw simulation program is able to utilize the parametrical description of the logs achieved from x-ray CT-scanning. When performing the simulation, the vSM used 625 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) logs from the Swedish Stem Bank as raw material supply for the sawing process. The simulated sawing process was adjusted to keep, as much as possible, the same attributes as the sawing process from the sawmill. The output data collected from the sawmill was compared with the simulated one with respect to the quality and the length distribution of the yielded boards. The results showed good agreement between the real and the simulated cutting for both quality and length criteria. This study suggests that the Swedish Stem Bank along with the vSM software could be used as an efficient tool in further research and strategic production planning.
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| 8. |
- Grundberg, Stig, et al.
(författare)
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Detecting knots in logs using a simulated X-ray cone-beam scanner
- 2004
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Ingår i: Fourth workshop "Connection between forest resources and wood quality: modelling approaches and simulation software" : Harrison Hot Springs, British Columbia, Canada, September 8 - 15, 2002 ; proceedings. - : International Union of Forestry Research Organisations.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Grönlund, Anders
(författare)
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Trapeze sawing : a method for conversion of small logs
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 16th International Wood Machining Seminar, Matsue, Japan, August 25 - 27. - Matsue : Faculty of science and engineering, Shimane University. - 4990176707
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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