| 1. |
- Berglund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
An industrial test of measuring saw mismatch using laser triangulation
- 2013
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sawing yield is an important parameter for the sawmill profit. One way to increase the sawing yield is by a reduced saw kerf width, an adapted shrinking allowance, and a lower sawing allowance. The Swedish sawmills on the other hand see a risk of poorer sawing accuracy and sawing precision and at worst, more frequent saw blade failures. One problem with a reduced saw kerf width is the saw mismatch that may occur in double arbor saw machines. Saw mismatch occurs when the saw blades are displaced in axial direction with respect to each other due to wear, heat or mechanical disturbance. In this study the aim was to test the robustness of a laser triangulation unit used for measuring saw mismatch during sawmill operation. The aim was also to find a suitable response variable for saw mismatch which was evaluated by using the cant height, feed speed and average top diameter of the logs as predicting variables in a partial least squares regression. The goodness of prediction for each response variable was used to compare the response variables with each other. The results showed that the robustness when measuring saw mismatch by laser triangulation during ongoing sawmill production was satisfactory. The response variable with the best goodness of prediction (Q2 = 0.135) was defined using a sliding window with a size of 500 boards. Each element of the response variable was calculated as the share of boards within the sliding window exceeding a threshold value of 0.5 mm. This response variable was positively correlated with the cant height, feed speed and average top diameter of the log. Future work requires a designed experiment where the predicting variables are varied systematically and where the effect of characteristics and wear of the saw blades is also considered.
|
|
| 2. |
- Berglund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Detection of saw mismatch in double arbor saw machines using laser triangulation
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Wood Material Science & Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-0272 .- 1748-0280. ; 8:4, s. 219-225
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the sawing process of a sawmill, not only are the target sizes of great importance. The saw mismatch that may occur in double arbor saw machines is also an essential parameter that affects the planing allowance, as well as the quality of the sawn products. In this study, a newly developed measurement equipment for detecting saw mismatch in the green sorting line of a sawmill has been evaluated in an initial experimental test. The obtained data has been compared to manual measurements of saw mismatch with good results. Also, based on a small sample, 75 – 95% of the boards with a maximal saw mismatch exceeding 0.5 mm are detected. The rate of detection depends on the number of cameras used.
|
|
| 3. |
- Berglund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Improved log rotation using information from a computed tomography scanner
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1699 .- 1872-7107. ; 90, s. 152-158
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of an industrial computed tomography scanner for the sawmilling industry raises the question of how to find a production strategy that uses a computed tomography scanner in the sawmill production line to its full potential. This study was focused on a Scandinavian sawmill processing Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies). The potential value increase when allowing an alternative log rotation other than the horns down position was investigated using a log breakdown simulation. The resulting data was analysed with respect to the size of the log rotational step, an introduced rotational error of the sawing machine and different price differences between the quality grades. It was also of interest to define the outer log properties that characterise the logs sawn for the greatest profit return close to the horns down position compared to logs sawn for a greater profit return in a different log rotation. Such characteristics can be used to reduce the number of degrees of freedom in an optimisation and consider instead other parameters, such as positioning and sawing pattern. Other defects such as pitch pockets, splits and rot are also of interest. The results shows that there is a potential value increase when applying the log rotation that maximises the value for each log instead of processing all logs in the horns down position. However, the potential value increase depends on the rotational error of the used sawing machine and the price differences between the quality grades. The log properties that differ between logs sawn for the greatest profit return close to the horns down position compared to a different log rotation are the bow height and the log taper. Unfortunately, predictability of log rotation for greatest profit return based on the outer properties of logs is poor. It is not possible to differentiate logs which would be sawn for the greatest profit return close to the horns down position from those where a different log rotation results in the greatest profit return, based only on their outer properties.
|
|
| 4. |
- Berglund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Project: CT-Pro
- 2012
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Projektet är finansierat av WoodWisdom-Net, VINNOVA, Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e. V. och medverkande företag. Syftet med projektet är att visa att det är möjligt att extrahera ut viktig och detaljerad information från en timmerstock med hjälp av en speciellt utvecklad röntgenskanner och sedan utnyttja denna information i produktionsstategier för att öka värdet i den träindustiella värdekedjan.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Breinig, Lorenz, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of knot detection inaccuracy on value recovery improvement when using a CT log scanner for sawing control
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Forest products journal. - 0015-7473. ; 63:7-8, s. 263-274
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Roundwood scanners utilizing X-ray computed tomography (CT) provide the information required for individual log-sawing optimization. However, errors in the automated detection of quality-relevant internal wood features for sawing control may lead to improper log positioning at breakdown, impairing the realization of value recovery potential. It is thus of interest to have an estimation of the impact of feature detection errors on the performance of sawing optimization. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to quantify the effect of errors in knot detection on a breakdown optimization by adjustment of log rotation. Therefore, sawing simulations were performed with the geometric descriptions of log shape and internal knots extracted from the CT scans of 57 Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) logs. Three types of artificially set knot description errors were tested under different pricing and product scenarios, each in different magnitudes as systematic or random error. Errors in knot diameter were found to have the greatest impact for both systematic and random errors. The effect of errors in dead knot border radial position was less pronounced but still substantial for higher error levels, while errors in knot rotational position could be neglected even for the highest magnitudes of error tested. The assumed price differentiation between product qualities had a major influence on the impact of the errors. It could be observed that with errors of higher magnitudes than those reported for present knot detection algorithms, an improvement in value recovery compared with outer-shape–based optimization still resulted in the simulated rotation optimization.
|
|
| 7. |
- Andersson Grönlund, Marita, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Ophthalmological findings in children and young adults with genetically verified mitochondrial disease
- 2010
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Ophthalmology. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0007-1161 .- 1468-2079. ; 94:1, s. 121-127
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To describe ophthalmological phenotypes in patients with mitochondrial disease and known genotypes.METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 59 patients (29 male, 30 female) with a mean age of 11.8 years who had mitochondrial disease with known DNA mutations. Fifty-seven of the 59 subjects underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination including visual acuity (VA), eye motility, refraction, slit-lamp examination, ophthalmoscopy and, in almost one-half of the cases, a full-field electroretinogram (ERG).RESULTS: Forty-six (81%) of the patients had one or more ophthalmological findings such as ptosis (n = 16), reduced eye motility (n = 22) including severe external ophthalmoplegia (n = 9), strabismus (n = 4), nystagmus (n = 9), low VA (n = 21), refractive errors (n = 26), photophobia (n = 4), and partial or total optic atrophy (n = 25). Pigmentation in the macula and/or periphery was noted in 16 patients. In 10/27 investigated individuals with full field ERG, retinal dystrophy was recorded in six different genotypes representing Kearns-Sayre syndrome (n = 5), Leigh syndrome (n = 1), Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) (n = 1), Myoclonus epilepsy with red ragged fibres (MERRF) (n = 1), Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (n = 1) and mitochondrial myopathy (n = 1).CONCLUSION: The results show that a majority of patients with mitochondrial disorders have ophthalmological abnormalities. We recommend that an ophthalmological examination, including ERG, be performed on all children and adolescents who are suspected of having a mitochondrial disease.
|
|
| 8. |
- Broman, Olof, et al.
(författare)
-
Råvarustyrning för materialeffektiv produktion av limfog : En studie utförd vid Norrfog AB
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Norrfog AB i Malå tillverkar limfogskivor i olika kvaliteter, bland annat till gör-det-själv- (GDS)-limfog, möbelfog och IKEAs hyllkoncept Ivar. Då Norrfog planerar att öka sin producerade volym av limfog ökar behovet av en effektiv styrning av rätt råvara till rätt slutprodukt. Samtidigt stiger råvarupriserna och det blir allt viktigare att maximera volyms- och värdeutbytet. Vid tidpunkten för studien: Norrfog AB köper klena furustockar och försorterar stockarna i diameterklasser med hjälp av en 2D-mätram. Ingen sortering sker på stocktyp och därmed blandas rotstockar, svartkviststockar och friskkviststockar. Stockarna sågas med en 2ex postning till plankor som efter torkning kapas upp till komponentlängder som därefter klyvs till färdiga lameller för limfogsproduktion. Huvudsyftet med detta projekt var att undersöka möjligheterna att styra rätt kvalitet av timmer till rätt slutprodukt; Ivarhyllan, GDS-limfog och möbelfog samt för- och nackdelar med att införa ett alternativt sågsätt – genomsågning. Inom ramen för studien fanns följande forsknings- och utvecklingsfrågor: •Stocklängdens betydelse för volymutbytet av limfog? •Stocktypens betydelse för kvaliteten på producerad limfog? •Går det att hitta rätt typ av stockar till en specifik produkt redan vid timmerplanen med hjälp av befintlig 2D-mätram och förbättrar 3D eller röntgen-skanning denna klassificering av stockar? •Finns det ett motstånd till fingerskarv bland konsumenter och vad anses vara ett önskvärt utseende på en träyta av limfog? Studien visar att den stocktyp som gav den bästa kvaliteten var friskkviststockarna, men även de stockar som sorterades som svartkvistiga visade sig innehålla mestadels friska kvistar i de aktuella timmerdimensionerna. Ett tydligt resultat var att rotstockar innehöll den lägsta kvaliteten med för många och/eller för stora svarta kvistar och det visade sig vara lämpligt att om möjligt sortera bort dessa stockar för att såga dessa separat till produkter med lägre krav på kvalitet. Sorteringsalgoritmer för olika mättekniker för timmer speciellt anpassade för att maximera utbytet kvalitet 1 i den färdiga limfogen testades. Med befintlig 2D-mätram sorterades 81 % av rotstockarna bort och med röntgenmätning ökade andelen bortsorterade rotstockar till 98 %. Ett viktigt resultat var att genomsågning gav i snitt 13 % högre volymutbyte än 2ex-sågning och att korta stockar gav ökat volymutbyte jämfört med fullängdsstockar. En separat undersökning angående skivornas utseende visar att fingerskarvade limfogskivor är något konsumenten kan tänka sig, så länge färgskiftningarna mellan lamellerna är små. Stora färgskiftningar och små svarta kvistar var det som respondenterna rankade som minst tilltalande för alla skivor oavsett fingerskarv eller inte.
|
|
| 9. |
- Cristovao, Luis, et al.
(författare)
-
Industrial sawing of Pinus Sylvestris L. : power consumption
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 21th International Wood Machining Seminar. - 9784990346799 ; , s. 189-198
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wood industry continues to strive to reduce production cost and increase productivity to maintain competiveness. Hence, knowledge of the effect of wood cutting parameters on power consumption would enable increase energy efficiency, thus, reduce operating costs and enhance profitability. Also measurement of power consumption gives knowledge of other specifics such as: tool edge wear, occurrence of catastrophic failures and other parameters which affect the quality of the sawn boards and the momentary efficiency of the break-down process. In this study, power consumption during sawing of Pinus sylvestris L. using double arbour circular saw was investigated. Both climb-sawing and counter-sawing were considered. The experiments were carried out, under normal production, in two Swedish sawmills. The relationship between cutting parameters and calculated power consumption is discussed. The experimental power consumption increased 11-35% during an 8 hour shift mainly due to increase of the tooth radius. Further, this study also showed the climb-sawing had higher power consumption than counter-sawing.
|
|
| 10. |
- Cristovao, Luis, et al.
(författare)
-
Industrial Sawing of Pinus Sylvestris L.: Power Consumption
- 2013
-
Ingår i: BioResources. - : BioResources. - 1930-2126 .- 1930-2126. ; 8:4, s. 6044-6053
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The wood industry continues to strive to reduce production costs and increase productivity to remain competitive. Knowledge of the effect of wood cutting parameters on power consumption could increase energy efficiency, reducing operating costs and increasing profitability. Measuring power consumption also provides information about other variables, such as tool edge wear, occurrence of catastrophic failures, and other parameters that affect the quality of the sawn boards and the momentary efficiency of the breakdown process. In this work, power consumption during sawing of Pinus sylvestris L. using a double arbor circular saw was investigated. Both climb-sawing and counter-sawing were considered. The experiments were carried out under normal production circumstances in two Swedish sawmills. The relationship between cutting parameters and theoretical power consumption was investigated. The experimental power consumption increased by 11 to 35% during an 8-h shift, mainly due to an increase in the tooth radius. Additionally, this study showed that climb-sawing consumed more power than counter-sawing.
|
|
