| 1. |
- Grahn, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Conceptual Integration of Digitalization and Servitization as Means to Introduce the Circular Economy
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. - : IOS Press BV. - 9781614994398 ; , s. 304-315
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Circular Economy (CE) can be implemented with different strategies. In this analysis, it is assumed that there is a desire to find a CE introduction strategy that leads to as rapid and environmentally friendly increase of resource-efficiency as possible. It is further assumed that an introduction strategy needs to take full advantage of other resource-efficiency concepts, societal trends, and developments. It is observed that the ongoing Digitalization and Servitization trends have been found to significantly affect each other, and as Digitalization impacts the possibility to make operations more resource-efficient, and Servitization means a change in the business model, it is assumed that those trends affect the incentives and possibilities for companies to develop Circular Solutions (CS) suitable for the CE, and that it is relevant to ask how. The purpose of this is to contribute to the development of a resource-efficiency concept that synthesizes Digitalization and Servitization, to contribute with suggestions on how to efficiently introduce the CE. It is asked; What measures may take advantage of the Digitalization and Servitization trends, and efficiently facilitate introduction of the CE? To find the answer a theory synthesis conceptual approach is used, and it is analyzed how Digitalization and Servitization trends can contribute to increasing resource-efficiency, and what implications these trends may have on a strategy for the development of CS and the introduction of the CE. The findings indicate that companies interested in enacting resource-efficiency measures and being important actors in the future CE, should have their main focus on business models that incentivizes development of CS, rather than on techniques that enables the development of CS. This further indicates that an efficient CE strategy should prioritize policies that give actors responsible for procurement and purchasing, incentives to 'servitize' their purchasing strategy. © 2022 The authors and IOS Press.
|
|
| 2. |
- Baison, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic control of tracheid properties in Norway spruce wood
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Research. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Through the use of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) mapping it is possible to establish the genetic basis of phenotypic trait variation. Our GWAS study presents the first such effort in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L). Karst.) for the traits related to wood tracheid characteristics. The study employed an exome capture genotyping approach that generated 178 101 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) from 40 018 probes within a population of 517 Norway spruce mother trees. We applied a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) based association mapping method using a functional multi-locus mapping approach, with a stability selection probability method as the hypothesis testing approach to determine significant Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs). The analysis has provided 30 significant associations, the majority of which show specific expression in wood-forming tissues or high ubiquitous expression, potentially controlling tracheids dimensions, their cell wall thickness and microfibril angle. Among the most promising candidates based on our results and prior information for other species are: Picea abies BIG GRAIN 2 (PabBG2) with a predicted function in auxin transport and sensitivity, and MA_373300g0010 encoding a protein similar to wall-associated receptor kinases, which were both associated with cell wall thickness. The results demonstrate feasibility of GWAS to identify novel candidate genes controlling industrially-relevant tracheid traits in Norway spruce. © 2020, The Author(s).
|
|
| 3. |
- Bengtsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Methods, models, and guidelines for practitioners to deliver health-promoting green space
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Green and healthy Nordic cities : How to plan, design, and manage health-promoting urban green space. - 9789180010887 ; :2024:1, s. 106-133
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter summarises the main methods, models, and guidelines— hereafter named as NORD tools—included in each component of the NORD framework (NUMBERING, OBSERVING, REGULATING, DESIGNING). The chapter provides further details on how to use these tools as well as how practitioners can combine them to deliver health-promoting green spaces.
|
|
| 4. |
- Escamez, Sacha, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic markers and tree properties predicting wood biorefining potential in aspen (Populus tremula) bioenergy feedstock
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts. - : BioMed Central Ltd. - 2731-3654. ; 16:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Wood represents the majority of the biomass on land and constitutes a renewable source of biofuels and other bioproducts. However, wood is recalcitrant to bioconversion, raising a need for feedstock improvement in production of, for instance, biofuels. We investigated the properties of wood that affect bioconversion, as well as the underlying genetics, to help identify superior tree feedstocks for biorefining. Results: We recorded 65 wood-related and growth traits in a population of 113 natural aspen genotypes from Sweden (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gtht76hrd). These traits included three growth and field performance traits, 20 traits for wood chemical composition, 17 traits for wood anatomy and structure, and 25 wood saccharification traits as indicators of bioconversion potential. Glucose release after saccharification with acidic pretreatment correlated positively with tree stem height and diameter and the carbohydrate content of the wood, and negatively with the content of lignin and the hemicellulose sugar units. Most of these traits displayed extensive natural variation within the aspen population and high broad-sense heritability, supporting their potential in genetic improvement of feedstocks towards improved bioconversion. Finally, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed 13 genetic loci for saccharification yield (on a whole-tree-biomass basis), with six of them intersecting with associations for either height or stem diameter of the trees. Conclusions: The simple growth traits of stem height and diameter were identified as good predictors of wood saccharification yield in aspen trees. GWAS elucidated the underlying genetics, revealing putative genetic markers for bioconversion of bioenergy tree feedstocks. © 2023, The Author(s).
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Grahn, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Detection of wood species and defects with NIR
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this project the possibility to determine different wood species and detect defects on wood cross-sections on logs with hyperspectral near-infrared camera was investigated. This project was a laboratory study where cross-sections of logs were scanned at the wood and fibre analysis laboratory at RISE with near-infrared instrument.Wood samples from different origins and species, with different defects were scanned with a hyperspectral near-infrared camera. Classification models were developed to characterise and classify the different logs.Spruce and pine samples were collected from different sawmills, a group of these samples contained fungal growth. The defects within the collected logs varied and some samples contained decay fungi such as sap- and heart rot as well as non-destructive blue stain. Classifications models to distinguish between different wood species were developed, as well classification models to differentiate between healthy wood and the fungal attack were also developed.
|
|
| 8. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten : 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - : Aftonbladet. ; :2022-12-07
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Vi, 1 620 forskare samt lärare vid universitet och högskolor, är eniga med de unga bakom Auroramålet: De drabbas och riskerar att drabbas allvarligt av klimatkrisen under sin livstid. De klimatåtgärder vi vidtar i närtid avgör deras framtid. Sverige måste ta ansvar och göra sin rättvisa andel av det globala klimatarbetet. I strid med Parisavtalet ökar utsläppen av växthusgaser i en takt som gör att 1,5-gradersmålet kan överskridas om några år. De globala effekterna blir allt mer synliga med ständiga temperaturrekord, smältande isar, havshöjning och extremväder som torka, förödande bränder och skyfall med enorma översvämningar, som i Pakistan nyligen. Försörjningen av befolkningen utsätts för allvarliga hot i många länder.Minskningen av den biologiska mångfalden är extrem. Klimatkrisen är enligt WHO det största hotet mot människors hälsa i hela världen och barn utgör en särskilt sårbar grupp. Med Sveriges nordliga läge sker uppvärmningen här dubbelt så fort som det globala genomsnittet. Det förskjuter utbredningsområden för växtlighet och sjukdomsbärande insekter och ökar förekomsten av extremväder såsom värmeböljor, skogsbränder och översvämningar samt av många olika sorters infektioner och allergier. När extremväder ökar, ökar även stressen och risken för mental ohälsa. Värmeböljor ökar risken för sjukdom och död hos sårbara grupper som äldre, små barn och personer med kroniska sjukdomar. De negativa effekterna på hälsan kommer att öka i takt med klimatkrisen och barn riskerar att drabbas av ackumulerade negativa hälsoeffekter under hela sina liv. Redan i dag är mer än hälften av unga mellan 12 och 18 år i Sverige ganska eller mycket oroliga för klimat och miljö. Detta är förståeligt när våra beslutsfattare inte gör vad som krävs.Den juridiska och moraliska grunden för arbetet mot klimatförändringarna är att varje land måste göra sin rättvisa andel av det globala klimatarbetet. Centralt i det internationella klimatramverket är att rika länder med höga historiska utsläpp, däribland Sverige, måste gå före resten av världen. Dessa länder måste också bidra till att finansiera klimatomställningen i länderna i det Globala Syd, som är minst ansvariga för klimatkrisen men drabbas hårdast. Denna rättviseprincip är tydlig i Parisavtalet och var en het diskussionsfråga under COP27 i Sharm el-Sheikh, men lyser med sin frånvaro i det svenska klimatarbetet. Sverige har satt mål för att minska sina utsläpp. Men de är helt otillräckliga: minskningstakten är för låg och målen tillåter samtidigt att åtgärder skjuts på framtiden. Dessutom exkluderas merparten av Sveriges utsläpp från de svenska nationella utsläppsmålen; bland annat utelämnas utsläpp som svensk konsumtion orsakar utanför Sveriges gränser, utsläpp från utrikes transporter och utsläpp från markanvändning och skogsbruk, exempelvis utsläpp från förbränning av biobränslen eller utsläpp från dikade våtmarker (Prop. 2016/17:146 s.25-28).Sverige saknar dessutom ett eget mål för att öka upptaget av växthusgaser genom utökat skydd och restaurering av ekosystem, något som krävs för att begränsa de värsta konsekvenserna av klimatkrisen (IPCC s.32). Trots dessa låga ambitioner misslyckas Sverige med att nå sina utsläppsmål, konstaterar både Klimatpolitiska rådet och Naturvårdsverket. En klimatpolitik i linje med Parisavtalet kräver både att alla typer av växthusgasutsläpp minskar samtidigt som – inte i stället för – upptaget av växthusgaser maximeras: i dag misslyckas Sverige på bägge fronter.Slutsatsen är tydlig. Sverige vidtar inte de åtgärder som krävs för att skydda barns och ungdomars rättigheter enligt Europakonventionen till skydd för de mänskliga rättigheterna. Detta medför allvarliga risker för liv och hälsa för unga generationer, människor i andra länder och särskilt utsatta grupper. Detta kan inte fortsätta. Därför ställer vi oss bakom Auroras krav att Sverige börjar göra sin rättvisa andel och omedelbart sätter igång ett omfattande och långtgående klimatarbete som vilar på vetenskaplig grund och sätter rättvisa i centrum.
|
|
| 9. |
- Tiret, Mathieu, et al.
(författare)
-
Divergent selection predating the Last Glacial Maximum mainly acted on macro-phenotypes in Norway spruce
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Evolutionary Applications. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 1752-4571. ; 16:1, s. 163-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current distribution and population structure of many species were, to a large extent, shaped by cycles of isolation in glacial refugia and subsequent population expansions. Isolation in and postglacial expansion through heterogeneous environments led to either neutral or adaptive divergence. Norway spruce is no exception, and its current distribution is the consequence of a constant interplay between evolutionary and demographic processes. We investigated population differentiation and adaptation of Norway spruce for juvenile growth, diameter of the stem, wood density, and tracheid traits at breast height. Data from 4461 phenotyped and genotyped Norway spruce from 396 half-sib families in two progeny tests were used to test for divergent selection in the framework of QST vs. FST. We show that the macroscopic resultant trait (stem diameter), unlike its microscopic components (tracheid dimensions) and juvenile growth, was under divergent selection that predated the Last Glacial Maximum. Altogether, the current variation in these phenotypic traits in Norway spruce is better explained by local adaptation to ancestral environments than to current ones, where populations were partly preadapted, mainly through growth-related traits. © 2022 The Authors.
|
|
| 10. |
- Zhou, Linghua, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of number of annual rings and tree ages on genomic predictive ability for solid wood properties of Norway spruce
- 2020
-
Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : BioMed Central Ltd.. - 1471-2164. ; 21:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Genomic selection (GS) or genomic prediction is considered as a promising approach to accelerate tree breeding and increase genetic gain by shortening breeding cycle, but the efforts to develop routines for operational breeding are so far limited. We investigated the predictive ability (PA) of GS based on 484 progeny trees from 62 half-sib families in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) for wood density, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and microfibril angle (MFA) measured with SilviScan, as well as for measurements on standing trees by Pilodyn and Hitman instruments. Results: GS predictive abilities were comparable with those based on pedigree-based prediction. Marker-based PAs were generally 25-30% higher for traits density, MFA and MOE measured with SilviScan than for their respective standing tree-based method which measured with Pilodyn and Hitman. Prediction accuracy (PC) of the standing tree-based methods were similar or even higher than increment core-based method. 78-95% of the maximal PAs of density, MFA and MOE obtained from coring to the pith at high age were reached by using data possible to obtain by drilling 3-5 rings towards the pith at tree age 10-12. Conclusions: This study indicates standing tree-based measurements is a cost-effective alternative method for GS. PA of GS methods were comparable with those pedigree-based prediction. The highest PAs were reached with at least 80-90% of the dataset used as training set. Selection for trait density could be conducted at an earlier age than for MFA and MOE. Operational breeding can also be optimized by training the model at an earlier age or using 3 to 5 outermost rings at tree age 10 to 12 years, thereby shortening the cycle and reducing the impact on the tree.
|
|
