| 1. |
- Bécoulet, A., et al.
(författare)
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Science and technology research and development in support to ITER and the Broader Approach at CEA
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 53:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In parallel to the direct contribution to the procurement phase of ITER and Broader Approach, CEA has initiated research & development programmes, accompanied by experiments together with a significant modelling effort, aimed at ensuring robust operation, plasma performance, as well as mitigating the risks of the procurement phase. This overview reports the latest progress in both fusion science and technology including many areas, namely the mitigation of superconducting magnet quenches, disruption-generated runaway electrons, edge-localized modes (ELMs), the development of imaging surveillance, and heating and current drive systems for steady-state operation. The WEST (W Environment for Steady-state Tokamaks) project, turning Tore Supra into an actively cooled W-divertor platform open to the ITER partners and industries, is presented.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Grand, A., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of the Mechanism of Deamination of 5,6-dihydro-5-methylcytosine with other cytosine derivatives
- 2012
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Ingår i: Theoretical Chemistry accounts. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-881X .- 1432-2234. ; 131:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanism of deamination of 5,6-dihydro-5-methylcytosine has been investigated theoretically and compared to those of other cytosine derivatives. The main goal is to understand the effect of C5-methylation and C5–C6 saturation upon the deamination rate. It is found that C5–C6 saturation tends to increase the local electrophilicity of the cytosine derivative on carbon C4. It is also concluded that C5-methylation displays an opposite effect on saturated versus unsaturated systems: on unsaturated systems, C5-methylation tends to increase the local electrophilicity on C4, while it reduces the local electrophilicity on C4 for saturated ones.
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| 4. |
- Grand, A., et al.
(författare)
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Deamination features of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, a radical and enzymatic DNA oxidation product
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Modeling. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1610-2940 .- 0948-5023. ; 20:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 5-methylcytosine derivative 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmCyt), which is generated via enzymatic oxidation, is sometimes referred to as the sixth nucleobase due to its widespread presence in the DNA of brain and embryonic stem cells. In this study, we used density functional based methods and reactivity indices from conceptual DFT to explore the mechanism and key features of the hydrolytic deamination of 5hmCyt. The data obtained are used to compare and contrast this deamination reaction with those of other cytosine derivatives. The deamination process for 5hmCyt is similar to the corresponding processes for other unsaturated derivatives in that the amino form is the reactive one and water addition is the rate-limiting step. However, several differences due to the rotameric asymmetry of the current system are also noted.
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| 5. |
- Langerak, A. W., et al.
(författare)
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EuroClonality/BIOMED-2 guidelines for interpretation and reporting of Ig/TCR clonality testing in suspected lymphoproliferations
- 2012
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Ingår i: Leukemia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0887-6924 .- 1476-5551. ; 26:10, s. 2159-2171
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- PCR-based immunoglobulin (Ig)/T-cell receptor (TCR) clonality testing in suspected lymphoproliferations has largely been standardized and has consequently become technically feasible in a routine diagnostic setting. Standardization of the pre-analytical and post-analytical phases is now essential to prevent misinterpretation and incorrect conclusions derived from clonality data. As clonality testing is not a quantitative assay, but rather concerns recognition of molecular patterns, guidelines for reliable interpretation and reporting are mandatory. Here, the EuroClonality (BIOMED-2) consortium summarizes important pre- and post-analytical aspects of clonality testing, provides guidelines for interpretation of clonality testing results, and presents a uniform way to report the results of the Ig/TCR assays. Starting from an immunobiological concept, two levels to report Ig/TCR profiles are discerned: the technical description of individual (multiplex) PCR reactions and the overall molecular conclusion for B and T cells. Collectively, the EuroClonality (BIOMED-2) guidelines and consensus reporting system should help to improve the general performance level of clonality assessment and interpretation, which will directly impact on routine clinical management (standardized best-practice) in patients with suspected lymphoproliferations.
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