| 1. |
- Fischer, Andreas C., 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Wire-bonded through-silicon vias with low capacitive substrate coupling
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. - : IOP Science. - 0960-1317 .- 1361-6439. ; 21:8, s. 085035-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three-dimensional integration of electronics and/or MEMS-based transducers is an emerging technology that vertically interconnects stacked dies with through-silicon vias (TSVs). They enable the realization of circuits with shorter signal path lengths, smaller packages and lower parasitic capacitances, which results in higher performance and lower costs. This paper presents a novel technique for fabricating TSVs from bonded gold wires. The wires are embedded in a polymer, which acts both as an electrical insulator, resulting in low capacitive coupling toward the substrate and as a buffer for thermo-mechanical stress.
|
|
| 2. |
- Kranendijk, Martijn, et al.
(författare)
-
IDH2 Mutations in Patients with D-2-Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 330:6002
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heterozygous somatic mutations in the genes encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase- 1 and -2 (IDH1 and IDH2) were recently discovered in human neoplastic disorders. These mutations disable the enzymes' normal ability to convert isocitrate to 2-ketoglutarate (2-KG) and confer on the enzymes a new function: the ability to convert 2-KG to d-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG). We have detected heterozygous germline mutations in IDH2 that alter enzyme residue R140 in 15 unrelated patients with d-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D-2-HGA), a rare neurometabolic disorder characterized by supraphysiological levels of D-2-HG. These findings provide additional impetus for investigating the role of D-2-HG in the pathophysiology of metabolic disease and cancer.
|
|
| 3. |
- Nemchin, A.A., et al.
(författare)
-
Record of the ancient martian hydrosphere and atmosphere preserved in zircon from a martian meteorite
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Nature Geoscience. - 1752-0894 .- 1752-0908. ; 7, s. 638-642
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mars exhibits ample evidence for an ancient surfacehydrosphere. The oxygen isotope compositions of carbonateminerals and alteration products in martian meteoritessuggest that this ancient hydrosphere was not in isotopicequilibrium with the martian lithosphere1–4. Martian meteoriteNWA 7533 is composed of regolith breccia from the heavilycratered terrains of ancient Mars and contains zircon grainsfor which U–Pb ages have been reported5. Here we reportvariations between the oxygen isotopic compositions offour zircon grains from NWA 7533. We propose that thesevariations can be explained if the mantle melts from whichthe zircon crystallized approximately 4.43Gyr ago hadassimiliated 17O-enriched regolith materials, and that someof the zircon grains, while in a metamict state, were lateraltered by low-temperature fluids near the surface less than1.7Gyr ago. Enrichment of the martian regolith in 17O beforethe zircon crystallized, presumably through exchange withthe 17O-enriched atmosphere or hydrosphere during surfacealteration, suggests that the thick primary atmosphere ofMars was lost within the first 120Myr after accretion. Weconclude that the observed variation of 17O anomalies in zirconfrom NWA 7533 points to prolonged interaction between themartian regolith, atmosphere and hydrosphere.
|
|
