| 1. |
- Dernevik, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Violent behaviour in forensic psychiatric patients: Risk assessment and different risk-management levels using the HCR-20
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Psychology, Crime and Law. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1068-316X .- 1477-2744. ; 8:1, s. 93-111
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been a growing optimism regarding the accuracy of structured instruments for violence risk assessment in mentally disordered offenders, However, several issues pertaining to forensic assessments of risk remains unsolved, one of which is the relationship between risk assessment and risk management. In this paper we argued that research that evaluate efforts to assess risk must take into account the level of risk management in the sample. We attempted to illustrate this using prospective follow-up data on the frequency and type of inpatient violent behaviours and their relationship to risk management within the context of care. Risk assessments were made upon admission to hospital with the Historical-Clinical-Risk assessment (HCR-20, Webster et al., 1997) in 54 forensic patients followed through three different risk management conditions: High security risk management, medium risk management, and only risk monitoring (low). The results showed large differences in baserate and type of violence in the three management conditions. Results also suggested that the HCR-20 accurately assessed risk in medium and low security conditions, but not in the high security condition. We conclude that the findings reinforce rather than contraindicate the usefulness of the HCR-20 in for clinical practice.
|
|
| 2. |
- Ottosson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
Cross-system concordance of personality disorder diagnoses of DSM-IV and diagnostic criteria for research of ICD-10.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Journal of personality disorders. - : Guilford Publications. - 0885-579X. ; 16, s. 283-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim in this study was to examine the cross-system concordance between the personality disorders (PDs) of DSM-IV and Diagnostic Criteria for Research of ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders, 10th rev. (ICD-10) PD diagnoses were made by a structured interview in a clinical psychiatric sample of 138 individuals. Both categorical and dimensional scores for each PD were established. The frequency of patients with a PD diagnosis on either classification who were also positive on the other varied from 26% for the schizoid PDs to 88% for the histrionic PDs. The chance-corrected agreement (Cohen's kappa) ranged from .37 to .94. The dimensional correlation (Pearson's r) between pairs of PD criteria sets was in the range of .79 to .98. In conclusion, when analyzed categorically, some of the PDs of DSM-IV and ICD-10-DCR were only moderately concordant. The reasons appear to be different criteria formulations and arbitrary thresholds for diagnoses. In contrast to categorical diagnoses, dimensional agreement was high, implicating similar trait-concept definitions. The least concordant pair of PD was antisocial (DSM-IV)-dissocial (ICD-10).
|
|
| 3. |
- Tengström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychopathy (PCL-R) as a predictor of violent recidivism among criminal offenders with schizophrenia.
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Law and human behavior. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0147-7307 .- 1573-661X. ; 24:1, s. 45-58
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hare's Psychopathy Checklist--Revised (PCL-R) was used to test the hypothesis that psychopathy predicts violent recidivism in a cohort subjected to forensic psychiatric investigation and consisting of male violent offenders with schizophrenia (N = 202). Psychopathy was assessed with retrospective file-based ratings. Mean follow-up time after detainment was 51 months. Twenty-two percent of the offenders had a PCL-R score > or = 26 (cutoff), and the base rate for violent recidivism (reconvictions) during follow-up was 21%. Survival analysis revealed that psychopathy was strongly associated to violent recidivism (log-rank = 17.71, df = 1, p < 0.0001). The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) of PCL-R total score to predict violent recidivism varied between different time frames from .64 to .75. Cox regression analyses revealed that other potential risk factors could not equally well or better explain violent recidivism in the cohort than psychopathy as measured by PCL-R.
|
|
| 4. |
- Tengström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Schizophrenia and criminal offending : the role of psychopathy and substance use disorders
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Criminal justice and behavior. - Thousand Oaks : Sage Publications. - 0093-8548 .- 1552-3594. ; 31:4, s. 367-391
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the associations of psychopathy and substance use disorders (SUDs) with criminal offending among 202 men with schizophrenia and 78 men with a primary diagnosis of psychopathy. Comparisons among six groups of offenders indicated that non-mentally ill offenders diagnosed with psychopathy committed the highest numbers of offenses per year at risk. Among offenders with schizophrenia, those with high psychopathy scores committed more crimes than those with low psychopathy scores. Among non-mentally ill offenders with psychopathy and schizophrenic offenders with high psychopathy scores, those with and without SUDs committed, on average, similar numbers of offenses. These findings Suggest that among offenders with psychopathic traits, the traits, not substance abuse, are associated with criminal offending.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Tuvblad, Catherine, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Low heritability for antisocial behavior among adolescents residing in low socioeconomic environments
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Behavior Genetics. - 0001-8244. ; 34:6, s. 662-662
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Socioeconomic status and contextual variables are often assumed to be of importance for the development of antisocial behavior (ASB), yet they explain only a fraction of the variance (M. Stouthamer-Loeber,et al.(2002).J. Consult. Clin. Psych.70:111–123; R. J. Sampson, et al.(1997).Science277: 918–924). An explanation to this paradox could be that socioeconomic status moderates the influences of genetic and environmental effects on ASB. The Twin study of CHild and Adolescent Development (TCHAD) is a Swedish longitudinal population-based study including 1,480 twin pairs born 1985–1986.The present study included 1139 of the twin pairs, aged 16–17 years. ASB was measured through self-report. Neighborhood socioeconomic status was assessed using five variables on aggregated level: ethnicity, educational level, occupational status, buying power, and neighbourhood crime rate. Family socioeconomic status was assessed by parental reported educational and occupational status. We used structural equation modeling to test whether socioeconomic status interacts with latent genetic and environmental effects of ASB. We found an interaction for girls between genetic influences and ethnicity; among girls living in a neighborhood with a mixed ethnic population, there was little evidence of genetic effects on ASB, whereas heritability was pronounced in areas with a high degree of ethnic Swedes. For boys, there was an interaction in parental reported occupational status; i.e. low familial occupational status resulted in less influence of genetic effects on ASB. The results suggest that adolescents residing in low socioeconomic environments are less sensitive to genetic influences for ASB.
|
|
