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- Carlsson, Rose-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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[Time for booster doses against whooping cough for 10-year-old children]
- 2005
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Ingår i: Lakartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 102:35, s. 2394-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Acellular pertussis vaccine was introduced in Sweden in 1996 at the age of 3, 5 and 12 months, after a 17 year period without general vaccination against pertussis. At present, the incidence of notified pertussis has decreased to 1/10 of what was seen 10 years ago. In spite of the dramatic decrease, the disease is not eliminated. In accordance with the experience of other countries, most cases in Sweden are reported among older children and adults, while the highest risk of severe disease is still seen in infants. Many industrialized countries have introduced booster dose(s) in order to control the spread of pertussis. The Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare has recently initiated a major revision of the vaccines used and the schedule of the national vaccination program. Until the final proposal and in order not to miss the opportunity to boost pertussis immunity in children who were vaccinated as infants at the reintroduction of pertussis vaccination, the Board now recommends the Swedish municipalities as an interim measure to include pertussis in the current school booster against diphtheria and tetanus at 10 years of age with a full dose vaccine.
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| 2. |
- Carlsson, Rose-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Vaccinscheman inom EU behöver göras mer lika : More equal vaccination schedules in the European Union needed
- 2008
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - Stockholm : Sveriges läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 105:22, s. 1665-1669
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The worldwide variation in vaccination schedules often induces questions about complementary vaccinations to children in migrating families. Also the European vaccination programmes seem to differ widely, but there are in fact many similarities. A two or three-dose priming schedule, with 1, 1 ? or 2 months interval within the three-dose schedule, is used for immunisation against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, Haemophilus influenzae type b and in many countries also against hepatitis B. In some countries hepatitis B vaccination is started at birth. An early booster at 10-24 months is also generally implemented, with very few exceptions. At least one additional booster dose against diphtheria and tetanus is recommended within the age intervals 4-7 or 11-18 years of age. Most countries also have scheduled boosters against polio and pertussis within these intervals. Nowadays all countries offer two doses of MMR. The first dose is usually given at 12-18 months of age, while there is a wide age range for the second dose. A majority of countries give the second MMR at 3-9 years of age, five countries at 13-24 months whereas nine countries vaccinate at 9-13 years of age.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Kivi, Marten, et al.
(författare)
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Helicobacter pylori genome variability in a framework of familial transmission
- 2007
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Ingår i: BMC Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2180. ; 7, s. 54-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is exceptionally prevalent and is considered to be acquired primarily early in life through person-to-person transmission within the family. H. pylori is a genetically diverse bacterial species, which may facilitate adaptation to new hosts and persistence for decades. The present study aimed to explore the genetic diversity of clonal isolates from a mother and her three children in order to shed light on H. pylori transmission and host adaptation. Results: Two different H. pylori strains and strain variants were identified in the family members by PCR-based molecular typing and sequencing of five loci. Genome diversity was further assessed for 15 isolates by comparative microarray hybridizations. The microarray consisted of 1,745 oligonucleotides representing the genes of two previously sequenced H. pylori strains. The microarray analysis detected a limited mean number (+/- standard error) of divergent genes between clonal isolates from the same and different individuals (1 +/- 0.4, 0.1%, and 3 +/- 0.3, 0.2%, respectively). There was considerable variability between the two different strains in the family members (147 +/- 4, 8%) and for all isolates relative to the two sequenced reference strains (314 +/- 16, 18%). The diversity between different strains was associated with gene functional classes related to DNA metabolism and the cell envelope. Conclusion: The present data from clonal H. pylori isolates of family members do not support that transmission and host adaptation are associated with substantial sequence diversity in the bacterial genome. However, important phenotypic modifications may be determined by additional genetic mechanisms, such as phase-variation. Our findings can aid further exploration of H. pylori genetic diversity and adaptation.
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| 5. |
- West, Christina E, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of feeding probiotics during weaning on infections and antibody responses to diphtheria, tetanus and Hib vaccines.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0905-6157 .- 1399-3038. ; 19:1, s. 53-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Microbial exposure is necessary for the development of normal immune function, which has driven the idea of using probiotics for treatment and prevention of immune-mediated diseases in infancy and childhood. Mounting evidence indicates that probiotics have immunomodulatory effects. However, the mechanisms are still poorly understood. Specific antibody response is a valuable proxy for immune system maturation status in infancy. We aimed at determining the impact of Lactobacillus F19 (LF19) during weaning on infections and IgG antibody responses to routine vaccines. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized intervention trial, infants were fed cereals with (n = 89) or without LF19 (n = 90) from 4 to 13 months of age. Infants were immunized with DTaP (diphtheria and tetanus toxoid and acellular pertussis), polio and Hib-conjugate vaccines at (3), 5(1/2) and 12 months of age. We assessed the number of days with infections, antibiotic prescriptions and antibody concentrations to Hib capsular polysaccharide (HibPS), diphtheria toxin (D) and tetanus toxoid (T) before and after the second and third doses. Days with infectious symptoms did not differ between the groups. Days with antibiotic prescriptions were fewer in the LF19 group (p = 0.044). LF19 enhanced anti-D concentrations when adjusting for breastfeeding duration and colonization with LF19 (p = 0.024). There was an interaction of the intervention and colonization with LF19 on anti-T concentrations during the course of vaccination (p = 0.035). The anti-HibPS concentrations were higher after the first and second dose of Hib vaccine in infants breastfed <6 months compared with those breastfed > or =6 months (p < 0.05), with no effect by LF19. In conclusion, feeding LF19 did not prevent infections, but increased the capacity to raise immune responses to protein antigens, with more pronounced effects in infants breastfed <6 months.
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