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- Greenhalgh, Christopher J, et al.
(författare)
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SOCS2 negatively regulates growth hormone action in vitro and in vivo.
- 2005
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical investigation. - 0021-9738. ; 115:2, s. 397-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mice deficient in SOCS2 display an excessive growth phenotype characterized by a 30-50% increase in mature body size. Here we show that the SOCS2-/- phenotype is dependent upon the presence of endogenous growth hormone (GH) and that treatment with exogenous GH induced excessive growth in mice lacking both endogenous GH and SOCS2. This was reflected in terms of overall body weight, body and bone lengths, and the weight of internal organs and tissues. A heightened response to GH was also measured by examining GH-responsive genes expressed in the liver after exogenous GH administration. To further understand the link between SOCS2 and the GH-signaling cascade, we investigated the nature of these interactions using structure/function and biochemical interaction studies. Analysis of the 3 structural motifs of the SOCS2 molecule revealed that each plays a crucial role in SOCS2 function, with the conserved SOCS-box motif being essential for all inhibitory function. SOCS2 was found to bind 2 phosphorylated tyrosines on the GH receptor, and mutational analysis of these amino acids showed that both were essential for SOCS2 function. Together, the data provide clear evidence that SOCS2 is a negative regulator of GH signaling.
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- Nguyen, S.N., et al.
(författare)
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Improved aircraft tire and stone models for runway debris lofting simulations
- 2009
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Ingår i: Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. - 9781563479731
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerical models used to simulate the lofting mechanisms of runway stones were developed to assess the threat to aircraft structures from runway debris impacts. An inflated aircraft tire model, which was validated by comparison with experimental indentation tests, showed that over-rolling of stones under typical takeoff conditions led to only modest vertical loft velocities of less than 5 m/s. Experiments using a drop weight impactor to simulate a section of aircraft tire descending upon stones, demonstrated that lofting was achieved with impacts with low rubber thicknesses, but with greater rubber thickness lofting was suppressed. Using more realistic tire geometries resulted in launches with backspin, but only horizontally along the ground in the direction of the tire axis. The speed at which launches occurred was proportional to the rate of descent of the tire section and would consequently determine the loft speeds due to potential asperity lofting. Copyright © 2009 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.
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- Nguyen, S.N., et al.
(författare)
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Improved models for runway debris lofting simulations
- 2009
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Ingår i: Aeronautical Journal. - 0001-9240. ; 113:1148, s. 669-681
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerical models used to simulate the lofting mechanisms of runway stones were developed to assess the threat to aircraft structures from runway debris impacts. An inflated aircraft tyre model, which was validated by comparison with experimental indentation tests, showed that over-rolling of stones under typical take-off conditions led to only modest vertical loft velocities of less than 5 m/s. Experiments using a drop weight impactor simulated a section of aircraft tyre descending upon stones. These tests demonstrated that lofting was achieved for impacts with low rubber thickness. However, for impacts with greater rubber thickness, lofting was suppressed. Using more realistic tyre geometries resulted in launches with backspin, but only horizontally along the ground in the direction of the tyre axis. The speed at which launches occurred was proportional to the rate of descent of the tyre section and would consequently determine the loft speeds due to potential asperity lofting.
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