| 1. |
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Overview of the JET results
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 55:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Lorenz, M. W., et al.
(författare)
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Predictive value for cardiovascular events of common carotid intima media thickness and its rate of change in individuals at high cardiovascular risk - Results from the PROG-IMT collaboration
- 2018
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) predicts cardiovascular (CVD) events, but the predictive value of CIMT change is debated. We assessed the relation between CIMT change and events in individuals at high cardiovascular risk. From 31 cohorts with two CIMT scans (total n = 89070) on average 3.6 years apart and clinical follow-up, subcohorts were drawn: (A) individuals with at least 3 cardiovascular risk factors without previous CVD events, (B) individuals with carotid plaques without previous CVD events, and (C) individuals with previous CVD events. Cox regression models were fit to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of the combined endpoint (myocardial infarction, stroke or vascular death) per standard deviation (SD) of CIMT change, adjusted for CVD risk factors. These HRs were pooled across studies. In groups A, B and C we observed 3483, 2845 and 1165 endpoint events, respectively. Average common CIMT was 0.79mm (SD 0.16mm), and annual common CIMT change was 0.01mm (SD 0.07mm), both in group A. The pooled HR per SD of annual common CIMT change (0.02 to 0.43mm) was 0.99 (95% confidence interval: 0.95-1.02) in group A, 0.98 (0.93-1.04) in group B, and 0.95 (0.89-1.04) in group C. The HR per SD of common CIMT (average of the first and the second CIMT scan, 0.09 to 0.75mm) was 1.15 (1.07-1.23) in group A, 1.13 (1.05-1.22) in group B, and 1.12 (1.05-1.20) in group C. We confirm that common CIMT is associated with future CVD events in individuals at high risk. CIMT change does not relate to future event risk in high-risk individuals.
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| 3. |
- Liao, X., et al.
(författare)
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Normative values for carotid intima media thickness and its progression: Are they transferrable outside of their cohort of origin?
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 23:11, s. 1165-1173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The clinical use of carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) requires normal values, which may be subject to variation of geographical factors, ethnicity or measurement details. The influence of these factors has rarely been studied. The aim of this study was to determine whether normative cIMT values and their association with event risk are generalizable across populations. Design Meta-analysis of individual participant data. Method From 22 general population cohorts from Europe, North America and Asia we selected subjects free of cardiovascular disease. Percentiles of cIMT and cIMT progression were assessed separately for every cohort. Cox proportional hazards models for vascular events were used to estimate hazard ratios for cIMT in each cohort. The estimates were pooled across Europe, North America and Asia, with random effects meta-analysis. The influence of geography, ethnicity and ultrasound protocols on cIMT values and on the hazard ratios was examined by meta-regression. Results Geographical factors, ethnicity and the ultrasound protocol had influence neither on the percentiles of cIMT and its progression, nor on the hazard ratios of cIMT for vascular events. Heterogeneity for percentiles of cIMT and cIMT progression was too large to create meaningful normative values. Conclusions The distribution of cIMT values is too heterogeneous to define universal or regional population reference values. CIMT values vary widely between different studies regardless of ethnicity, geographic location and ultrasound protocol. Prediction of vascular events with cIMT values was more consistent across all cohorts, ethnicities and regions. © 2016 European Society of Cardiology.
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| 4. |
- Lorenz, M. W., et al.
(författare)
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Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Progression and Risk of Vascular Events in People With Diabetes: Results From the PROG-IMT Collaboration
- 2015
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 38:10, s. 1921-1929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVECarotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a marker of subclinical organ damage and predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in the general population. It has also been associated with vascular risk in people with diabetes. However, the association of CIMT change in repeated examinations with subsequent CVD events is uncertain, and its use as a surrogate end point in clinical trials is controversial. We aimed at determining the relation of CIMT change to CVD events in people with diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSIn a comprehensive meta-analysis of individual participant data, we collated data from 3,902 adults (age 33-92 years) with type 2 diabetes from 21 population-based cohorts. We calculated the hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation (SD) difference in mean common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) or in CCA-IMT progression, both calculated from two examinations on average 3.6 years apart, for each cohort, and combined the estimates with random-effects meta-analysis.RESULTSAverage mean CCA-IMT ranged from 0.72 to 0.97 mm across cohorts in people with diabetes. The HR of CVD events was 1.22 (95% CI 1.12-1.33) per SD difference in mean CCA-IMT, after adjustment for age, sex, and cardiometabolic risk factors. Average mean CCA-IMT progression in people with diabetes ranged between -0.09 and 0.04 mm/year. The HR per SD difference in mean CCA-IMT progression was 0.99 (0.91-1.08).CONCLUSIONSDespite reproducing the association between CIMT level and vascular risk in subjects with diabetes, we did not find an association between CIMT change and vascular risk. These results do not support the use of CIMT progression as a surrogate end point in clinical trials in people with diabetes.
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| 5. |
- Grigore, E., et al.
(författare)
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The influence of N on the D retention within W coatings for fusion applications
- 2019
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Ingår i: Fusion engineering and design. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0920-3796 .- 1873-7196. ; 146, s. 1959-1962
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasma facing components (PFC) in a fusion device are subjected to a harsh operating environment involving high heat fluxes and exposure to high fluxes of hydrogen isotopes. This exposure can lead to high fuel retention that can raise serious concern from the safety point of view. One of the reasons for the use of W as a material for the construction of the first wall is to reduce fuel retention compared to carbon wall. Nitrogen seeding, used during the operation of fusion reactors, represents a method to cool the divertor plasma and to reduce the W source in the divertor due to ELMS. However an exposure of the PFC to a combination of hydrogen isotopes and nitrogen can lead to changes in properties of exposed surfaces or to unexpected material behavior. In this work, the influence of nitrogen on the deuterium content within tungsten coatings produced by reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) was investigated. The deposition process of W coatings in a nitrogen deuterium environment leads to a significant retention of deuterium. Coatings with a deuterium content up to 54 at% were obtained in the presence of nitrogen compared with a deuterium content of 25 at% measured for the coatings produced in absence of nitrogen from the deposition atmosphere.
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| 6. |
- Grigore, E., et al.
(författare)
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Helium depth profile measurements within tungsten coatings by using Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry (GDOES)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 376, s. 21-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present paper results concerning the implementation of the Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry (GDOES) for measure the He depth profile within W coatings are given. The He emission line situated at 587.5 nm was used in this respect. W coating containing He up 10 at.% and with thickness of 5 pm have been obtained by Combined Magnetron Sputtering and Ion Implantation (CMSII) method. The coatings structure and morphology was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) measurements. The He retention within the coatings was evaluated by using Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS). Time-of-Flight Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (TOF ERDA) measurements has been used to determine chemical composition of the coatings. Results of TOF-ERDA measurements results were used to calibrate the GDOES equipment. Using these data the GDOES depth profiles of the He within W coatings have been obtained.
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| 7. |
- Ruset, C., et al.
(författare)
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Investigation on the erosion/deposition processes in the ITER-like wall divertor at JET using glow discharge optical emission spectrometry technique
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0031-8949 .- 1402-4896. ; T167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a complementary method to Rutherford back scattering (RBS), glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GDOES) was used to investigate the depth profiles of W, Mo, Be, O and C concentrations into marker coatings (CFC/Mo/W/Mo/W) and the substrate of divertor tiles up to a depth of about 100 μm. A number of 10 samples cored from particular areas of the divertor tiles were analyzed. The results presented in this paper are valid only for those areas and they cannot be extrapolated to the entire tile. Significant deposition of Be was measured on Tile 3 (near to the top), Tile 6 (at about 40 mm from the innermost edge) and especially on Tile 0 (HFGC). Preliminary experiments seem to indicate a penetration of Be through the pores and imperfections of CFC material up to a depth of 100 μm in some cases. No erosion and a thin layer of Be (<1 μm) was detected on Tiles 4, 7 and 8. On Tile 1 no erosion was found at about 1/3 from bottom.
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| 8. |
- Willeit, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammatory markers and extent and progression of early atherosclerosis : Meta-analysis of individual-participant-data from 20 prospective studies of the PROG-IMT collaboration
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 23:2, s. 194-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundLarge-scale epidemiological evidence on the role of inflammation in early atherosclerosis, assessed by carotid ultrasound, is lacking. We aimed to quantify cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of inflammatory markers with common-carotid-artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) in the general population. MethodsInformation on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, leucocyte count and CCA-IMT was available in 20 prospective cohort studies of the PROG-IMT collaboration involving 49,097 participants free of pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Estimates of associations were calculated within each study and then combined using random-effects meta-analyses. ResultsMean baseline CCA-IMT amounted to 0.74mm (SD=0.18) and mean CCA-IMT progression over a mean of 3.9 years to 0.011mm/year (SD=0.039). Cross-sectional analyses showed positive linear associations between inflammatory markers and baseline CCA-IMT. After adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, mean differences in baseline CCA-IMT per one-SD higher inflammatory marker were: 0.0082mm for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p<0.001); 0.0072mm for fibrinogen (p<0.001); and 0.0025mm for leucocyte count (p=0.033). Inflammatory load', defined as the number of elevated inflammatory markers (i.e. in upper two quintiles), showed a positive linear association with baseline CCA-IMT (p<0.001). Longitudinal associations of baseline inflammatory markers and changes therein with CCA-IMT progression were null or at most weak. Participants with the highest inflammatory load' had a greater CCA-IMT progression (p=0.015). ConclusionInflammation was independently associated with CCA-IMT cross-sectionally. The lack of clear associations with CCA-IMT progression may be explained by imprecision in its assessment within a limited time period. Our findings for inflammatory load' suggest important combined effects of the three inflammatory markers on early atherosclerosis.
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