| 1. |
- Bengtsson Boström, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Polymorphism in the angiotensin converting enzyme but not in the angiotensinogen gene is associated with hypertension and type 2 diabetes: the Skaraborg Hypertension and diabetes project
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - 1473-5598. ; 17:11, s. 1569-1575
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the association between polymorphisms in the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene and angiotensinogen (AGT) gene and hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes in a community population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism of the ACE gene and the M235T polymorphism of the AGT gene were genotyped in 773 nondiabetic individuals with hypertension, 193 normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes, 243 patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension, and in 820 normotensive control individuals identified in a community-based study. RESULTS: The DD genotype was associated with hypertension in individuals less than 70 years [odds ratio (OR) = 1.54, confidence interval (CI) = 1.09-2.18] and remained so when patients with type 2 diabetes were excluded from the analysis (OR = 1.45, CI = 1.01-2.09). The strongest association was with the combination of type 2 diabetes and hypertension (OR = 2.19, CI = 1.09-4.38). There was no association with type 2 diabetes without hypertension. No association was observed between the M235T variant or the 3'-microsatellite polymorphism of the AGT gene and hypertension. CONCLUSION: The D-allele of the ACE gene ID polymorphism increases susceptibility to hypertension, particularly when associated with type 2 diabetes. No association was observed between the M235T variant or 3'-microsatellite polymorphism of the AGT gene and hypertension.
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| 2. |
- Henricsson, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in relation to age at onset of the diabetes, treatment, duration and glycemic control
- 1996
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1395-3907. ; 74:6, s. 523-527
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study the frequency of diabetic retinopathy in relation to age at diagnosis, treatment, duration of diabetes and glycemic control as measured by means of HbA(1c) levels, we performed a cross-sectional, register-based study in the Helsingborg area of southern Sweden, comprising 2232 diabetic patients. Of the known diabetic population < 75 years old, approximately 70% were estimated to be included. We graded retinopathy according to the alternative classification of the Wisconsin study. With an age at diagnosis < 30 years (19% of patients) the prevalence of retinopathy was 64%, whereas with an age at diagnosis ≤ 30 years the prevalence of retinopathy was 57% in insulin-treated, and 26% in non-insulin treated patients. Levels of glycated hemoglobin and duration of diabetes were associated with retinopathy in the group with younger onset. In the older-onset group, there was a relationship between retinopathy and duration of diabetes and insulin treatment; glycated hemoglobin had a relationship which was of borderline significance with any retinopathy, but clearly significant with the pooled group: severe non-proliferative, proliferative retinopathy and/or macular edema. Hyperglycemia and duration of diabetes were thus associated with retinopathy in both younger- and older-onset diabetes, but hyperglycemia less so in the older-onset group.
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| 3. |
- Henricsson, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Progression of retinopathy is related to glycaemic control even in patients with mild diabetes mellitus
- 1996
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1395-3907. ; 74:6, s. 528-532
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study the progression of retinopathy in patients with mild diabetes mellitus, we examined, in a cohort study, 347 patients treated with diet alone at baseline. The patients participated in an ophthalmological screening and control programme, and diet-treated patients who were examined between January 1990 and July 1992 were included in the study and followed until October 1995. Mean follow-up time was 3.4 ± 1.1 years. The alternative classification of the Wisconsin study was used to classify retinopathy, and the mean HbA(1c) values for the study period, to estimate the level of glycaemic control. At baseline, 314 of the patients (90.5%) had no retinopathy, and 33 (9.5%) had mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In 296 patients there was no retinopathy progression, in 27 patients there was progression by 1 level in the retinopathy scale, and in 24 patients by 2 levels or more. In 2 patients there was progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The mean HbA(1c) (%) was 6.5 ± 1.3. Higher HbA(1c) correlated to increased progression (r = 0.16; p = 0.005), and in a multivariate analysis, HbA(1c) remained associated with a progression of retinopathy by 2 levels or more, with a relative risk of 1.4 per percent increase in HbA(1c) (95% CI 1.1-2.0; p = 0.02). Furthermore, the presence of any retinopathy at baseline was associated with progression with a relative risk of 1.7 (95% confidence interval 1.1-2.8; p = 0.02). These data indicate that even slightly elevated levels of HbA(1c) might be associated with a risk of retinopathy progression.
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| 4. |
- Orho-Melander, Marju, et al.
(författare)
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A paired-sibling analysis of the XbaI polymorphism in the muscle glycogen synthase gene
- 1999
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0428 .- 0012-186X. ; 42:9, s. 1138-1145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We have previously shown an association between a XbaI polymorphism in the muscle glycogen synthase gene (GYS1) and both Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Association studies are, however, hampered by the selection of the control group. To circumvent these problems we addressed the same question using a novel genotype discordant paired-sibling approach. METHODS: We identified 122 sex-matched sib-pairs discordant for the Xba1 polymorphism among a new set of 743 Finnish subjects from 227 families with Type II diabetes and paired analyses were done by McNemar test of symmetry and by permutation tests. RESULTS: Paired analysis showed that siblings with the A2 variant had more hypertension (p = 0.0067), obesity (p = 0.033) and microalbuminuria (p = 0.031) but not significantly more Type II diabetes (p = 0.27) than siblings with the A1 variant. Siblings with the A2 variant were more often treated by insulin (p = 0.050) or anti-hypertensive medication (p = 0.0060) or both. Diabetic A2 variant carriers had higher triglyceride (p = 0.023) and lower HDL cholesterol (p = 0.0059) concentrations and an earlier age at onset of diabetes (p = 0.022) than diabetic siblings with the A1 variant. In non-diabetic sib-pairs the presence of the A2 variant was associated with higher diastolic (p = 0.0014) blood pressure. Finally, the allele frequency of the XbaI polymorphism differed between 216 randomly chosen unrelated Type II diabetic patients and 115 unrelated healthy control spouses without a family history of Type II diabetes (12.7 vs. 6.5 %, p = 0.013). CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: The A2 allele of the XbaI polymorphism in the GYS1 confers an increased susceptibility to different features of the metabolic syndrome and Type II diabetes.
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