| 1. |
- Becker, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Selfcare Strategies Shown to Be Useful in Daily Life for Adults Diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder – A Systematic Review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0161-2840 .- 1096-4673. ; 44:9, s. 825-833
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adults with ADHD experience a wide range of difficulties in daily life, and RNs and other healthcare professionals need to know how to support them. The aim was to conduct a systematic review of which selfcare strategies adults with ADHD use and need in order to manage daily life. A literature review based on the PRISMA model was performed, and seven articles with a qualitative design were found. Data were analyzed with thematic analysis. The analysis generated one major theme Enabling ways to manage the consequences of disability in daily life based on three subthemes; Establishing ways of acting to help yourself, Finding encouraging and helping relationships, and Using external aids for managing daily life. Professionals may benefit from knowing about these selfcare strategies when meeting people with ADHD.
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| 2. |
- Gunnarsson, Maria, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Direct Evidence for Reaction between Cellulose and CO2 from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
- 2021
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Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2168-0485. ; 9:42, s. 14006-14011
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The direct reaction between carbohydrates and CO2 has recently attracted attention in the context of cellulose dissolution and derivatization as well as carbon capture applications. We have directly demonstrated the formation of cellulose carbonate upon the introduction of CO2 into a non-aqueous cellulose solution by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Comparison of the observed spectra with accurate electronic structure calculations of the changes in chemical shifts upon reaction allowed us to confirm the expectation that CO2 reacts with the hydroxyl group on carbon 6 of the cellulose but not exclusively this hydroxyl group. We found good agreement between predicted and measured chemical shifts using a simple computational method.
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| 3. |
- Gunnarsson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Principles behind Computed Tomography (CT)
- 2022. - 1
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Ingår i: Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists : Instrumentation and Imaging Procedures - Instrumentation and Imaging Procedures. - 9781138593268 - 9780429489556 ; 1
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of Computed tomography (CT) for anatomical information in a combination with the SPECT system has in many ways added substantial information to many nuclear medicine imaging procedures. The information from the CT system can provide information on the location of lesions and can be used for attenuation correction. Modern SPECT/CT and PET/CT today have CT scanners that provide diagnostic quality. This chapter provides the principles behind the X-ray imaging and in particular CT. It describes scanner configurations and components for a typical CT system and how data are acquired. Also, a short description of dual-energy systems that provide additional information is included. Iterative reconstruction of image, and the definition of the Hounsfield unit is discussed together with how different factors affect the image quality. A part of the chapter also discusses CT dosimetry and how the absorbed doses can be measured, quantified, and possibly be reduced. A section also discusses different types of artefacts in the images caused by, for example, metals, respiratory movements, and beam hardening.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Gunnarsson, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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Binaural Auralization of Microphone Array Room Impulse Responses Using Causal Wiener Filtering
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON AUDIO SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2329-9290 .- 2329-9304. ; 29, s. 2899-2914
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Binaural room auralization involves Binaural Room Impulse Responses (BRIRs). Dynamic binaural synthesis (i.e., head-tracked presentation) requires BRIRs for multiple head poses. Artificial heads can be used to measure BRIRs, but BRIR modeling from microphone array room impulse responses (RIRs) is becoming popular since personalized BRIRs can be obtained for any head pose with low extra effort. We present a novel framework for estimating a binaural signal from microphone array signals, using causal Wiener filtering and polynomial matrix formalism. The formulation places no explicit constraints on the geometry of the microphone array and enables directional weighting of the estimation error. A microphone noise model is used for regularization and to balance filter performance and noise gain. A complete procedure for BRIR modeling from microphone array RIRs is also presented, employing the proposed Wiener filtering framework. An application example illustrates the modeling procedure using a 19-channel spherical microphone array. Direct and reflected sound segments are modeled separately. The modeled BRIRs are compared to measured BRIRs and are shown to be waveform-accurate up to at least 1.5 kHz. At higher frequencies, correct statistical properties of diffuse sound field components are aimed for. A listening test indicates small perceptual differences to measured BRIRs. The presented method facilitates fast BRIR data set acquisition for use in dynamic binaural synthesis and is a viable alternative to Ambisonics-based binaural room auralization.
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| 6. |
- Gunnarsson, Viktor
(författare)
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Binaural Modeling for High-Fidelity Spatial Audio
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The enjoyment of reproduced sound and music is a prime pleasure for many, and the high-fidelity reproduction of binaural audio is integral to many applications in augmented and virtual reality. This thesis introduces a framework for binaural headphone auralization of sound systems, together with an in-depth analysis and proposed solutions to address sources of coloration within the signal chain.The framework includes a novel method for binaural auralization of microphone array impulse responses. Employing a hybrid parametric approach, it utilizes causal multichannel Wiener filtering to synthesize the directional response of the ear, as described by head-related transfer functions (HRTFs), using the microphone array and a model of its acoustic properties. A time-domain polynomial matrix framework is employed for filter computations and direct and reflected sound is treated separately. Results demonstrate a small perceptual difference to reference measured binaural room impulse responses. Additionally, the thesis addresses the impact of binaural measurement uncertainty and proposes a new measurement technique for HRTFs and headphone transfer functions (HpTFs). The method is based on a cardioid microphone array for open ear canal measurements. Results indicate that the method significantly reduces measurement uncertainty compared to omnidirectional measurements in the ear canal. Moreover, a phase pre-processing method for HRTFs is introduced that reduces spatial phase variability of the HRTF set at high frequencies while retaining correct interaural coherence for diffuse sound. It is demonstrated that the HRTF phase pre-processing greatly reduces spectral coloration in headphone simulation of amplitude panning on virtual speakers. The method also improves performance in binaural rendering of microphone array recordings. Finally, the thesis presents a comprehensive model for addressing coloration at the ear-signal level inherent in amplitude panning on speaker arrays. The analysis focuses on pairwise panning on symmetrical speaker setups and monaural correction filters are proposed that are robust to head movements around the sweet spot. The proposed filters are found to mitigate the phantom source elevation effect in stereophonic panning and enhance the perceived spectral similarity between discrete and panned sound sources, with effectiveness contingent on the speaker setup geometry.
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| 7. |
- Hering, Alessa, et al.
(författare)
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Learn2Reg: comprehensive multi-task medical image registration challenge, dataset and evaluation in the era of deep learning
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0278-0062 .- 1558-254X. ; 42:3, s. 697-712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Image registration is a fundamental medical image analysis task, and a wide variety of approaches have been proposed. However, only a few studies have comprehensively compared medical image registration approaches on a wide range of clinically relevant tasks. This limits the development of registration methods, the adoption of research advances into practice, and a fair benchmark across competing approaches. The Learn2Reg challenge addresses these limitations by providing a multi-task medical image registration data set for comprehensive characterisation of deformable registration algorithms. A continuous evaluation will be possible at https:// learn2reg.grand-challenge.org. Learn2Reg covers a wide range of anatomies (brain, abdomen, and thorax), modalities (ultrasound, CT, MR), availability of annotations, as well as intra- and inter-patient registration evaluation. We established an easily accessible framework for training and validation of 3D registration methods, which enabled the compilation of results of over 65 individual method submissions from more than 20 unique teams. We used a complementary set of metrics, including robustness, accuracy, plausibility, and runtime, enabling unique insight into the current state-of-the-art of medical image registration. This paper describes datasets, tasks, evaluation methods and results of the challenge, as well as results of further analysis of transferability to new datasets, the importance of label supervision, and resulting bias. While no single approach worked best across all tasks, many methodological aspects could be identified that push the performance of medical image registration to new state-of-the-art performance. Furthermore, we demystified the common belief that conventional registration methods have to be much slower than deep-learning-based methods.
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| 8. |
- Högberg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnosing colorectal cancer in primary care : cohort study in Sweden of qualitative faecal immunochemical tests, haemoglobin levels, and platelet counts
- 2020
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Ingår i: British Journal of General Practice. - London : Royal College of General Practitioners. - 0960-1643 .- 1478-5242. ; 70:701, s. E843-E851
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnostics are challenging in primary care and reliable diagnostic aids are desired. Qualitative faecal immunochemical tests (FITs) have been used for suspected CRC in Sweden since the mid-2000s, but evidence regarding their effectiveness is scarce. Anaemia and thrombocytosis are both associated with CRC. Aim To evaluate the usefulness of qualitative FITs requested for symptomatic patients in primary care, atone and combined with findings of anaemia and thrombocytosis, in the diagnosis of CRC. Design and setting A population-based cohort study using electronic health records and data from the Swedish Cancer Register, covering five Swedish regions. Method Patients aged >= 18 years in the five regions who had provided FITs requested by primary care practitioners from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2015 were identified. FIT and blood-count data were registered and all CRC diagnoses made within 2 years were retrieved. Diagnostic measurements were calculated. Results In total, 15 789 patients provided FITs (four different brands); of these patients, 304 were later diagnosed with CRC. Haemoglobin levels were available for 13 863 patients, and platelet counts for 10 973 patients. Calculated for the different FIT brands only, the sensitivities for CRC were 81.6%-100%; specificities 65.7%-79.5%: positive predictive values 4.7%-8.1%; and negative predictive values 99.5%-100%. Calculated for the finding of either a positive FIT or anaemia, the sensitivities increased to 88.9-100%. Adding thrombocytosis did not further increase the diagnostic performance. Conclusion Qualitative FITs requested in primary care seem to be useful as rule in tests for referral when CRC is suspected. A negative FIT and no anaemia indicate a low risk of CRC.
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| 9. |
- Högberg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Qualitative faecal immunochemical tests (FITs) for diagnosing colorectal cancer in patients with histories of rectal bleeding in primary care : a cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Colorectal Disease. - : Springer. - 0179-1958 .- 1432-1262. ; 35, s. 2035-2040
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Rectal bleeding is considered an alarm symptom for colorectal cancer (CRC) but it is common and mostly caused by benign conditions. Qualitative faecal immunochemical tests (FITs) for occult blood have been used as diagnostic aids for many years in Sweden when CRC is suspected. The study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of FITs requested by primary care physicians for patients with and without histories of rectal bleeding, in the diagnosis of CRC. Methods Results of all FITs requested in primary care for symptomatic patients in the orebro region during 2015 were retrieved. Data on each patient's history of rectal bleeding was gathered from electronic health records. Patients diagnosed with CRC within 2 years were identified from the Swedish Cancer Register. The analysis focused on three-sample FITs, the customary FIT in Sweden. Results A total of 4232 patients provided three-sample FITs. Information about the presence/absence of rectal bleeding was available for 2027 patients, of which 59 were diagnosed with CRC. For 606 patients with the presence of rectal bleeding, the FIT showed sensitivity 96.2%, specificity 60.2%, positive predictive value 9.8% (95% CI 6.1-13.4) and negative predictive value 99.7% (95% CI 99.2-100) for CRC. For 1421 patients without rectal bleeding, the corresponding figures were 100%, 73.6%, 8.3% (95% CI 5.6-10.9) and 100% (95% CI 99.6-100). Conclusion The diagnostic performance of a qualitative three-sample FIT provided by symptomatic patients in primary care was similar for those with and without a history of rectal bleeding. FITs seem useful for prioritising patients also with rectal bleeding for further investigation.
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| 10. |
- Högberg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Use of faecal immunochemical tests common in patients with suspected colorectal cancer but unrelated to travel distance to secondary care : a population-based study from Swedish primary care
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 40:4, s. 459-465
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Evidence is increasing for the use of faecal immunochemical tests (FITs) for occult blood as diagnostic tools when colorectal cancer can be suspected. FITs have been used for this purpose in Swedish primary care since around 2005 despite absence of supporting guidelines. To our knowledge, the extent of this use has not been studied. Objective To investigate the use of FITs as diagnostic tools, and if the use was related to patient age, sex and travel time from primary care to diagnostic facilities in secondary care. Design Population-based retrospective study using data from electronic health records. Setting and subjects Patients >= 18 years that provided FITs in primary care in five Swedish health care regions during 2015. Driving times from their primary care centres to secondary care were calculated. Main outcome measures The proportion of patients that provided FITs was calculated for each region, different age intervals and grouped driving times. Results 18,913 patients provided FITs. The proportion of listed patients in the five regions that provided FITs increased with age: 0.86-1.2% for ages <65 years, 3.6-4.1% for ages 65-79 years and 3.8-6.1% for ages >= 80 years. Differences between the regions were small. There was no overall correlation between the proportion of patients that provided FITs and driving time to secondary care. Conclusion FITs were used extensively in Swedish primary care with a higher use in older age groups. There was no tendency towards a higher use of FITs at primary care centres with longer driving times to secondary care.
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