| 1. |
- Krüger, H., et al.
(författare)
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One year of Galileo dust data from the Jovian system: 1996
- 2001
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Ingår i: Planetary and Space Science. - 1873-5088. ; 49:13, s. 1285-1301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dust detector system onboard Galileo has recoding dust impacts incircumjovian space since the spacecraft was injected into a bound orbitabout Jupiter in December 1995. This is the sixth in a series of papersdedicated to presenting Galileo and Ulysses dust data. We present datafrom the Galileo dust instrument for the period January to December 1996when the spacecraft completed four orbits about Jupiter (G1, G2, C3 andE4). Data were obtained as high-resolution realtime science data orrecorded data during a time period of 100 days, or via memory read-outsduring the remaining times. Because the data transmission rate of thespacecraft is very low, the complete data set (i.e. all parametersmeasured by the instrument during impact of a dust particle) for only 2%(5353) of all particles detected could be transmitted to Earth; theother particles were only counted. Together with the data for 2883particles detected during Galileo's interplanetary cruise and publishedearlier, complete data of 8236 particles detected by the Galileo dustinstrument from 1989 to 1996 are now available. The majority ofparticles detected are tiny grains (about 10nm in radius) originatingfrom Jupiter's innermost Galilean moon Io. These grains have beendetected throughout the Jovian system and the highest impact ratesexceeded 100min-1. A small number of grains has been detectedin the close vicinity of the Galilean moons Europa, Ganymede andCallisto which belong to impact-generated dust clouds formed by (mostlysubmicrometer sized) ejecta from the surfaces of the moons (Krügeret al., /1999e. Nature 399, 558). Impacts of submicrometer to micrometersized grains have been detected throughout the Jovian system andespecially in the region between the Galilean moons.
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| 2. |
- Krüger, H., et al.
(författare)
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Four years of Ulysses dust data: 1996-1999
- 2001
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Ingår i: Planetary and Space Science. - 1873-5088. ; 49:13, s. 1303-1324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Ulysses spacecraft is orbiting the Sun on a highly inclined ellipse(/i=79°, perihelion distance 1.3 AU, aphelion distance 5.4 AU).Between January /1996 and December /1999 the spacecraft was beyond 3 AUfrom the Sun and crossed the ecliptic plane at aphelion in May /1998. Inthis 4-yr period 218 dust impacts were recorded with the dust detectoron board. We publish and analyse the complete data set of both raw andreduced data for particles with masses10-16-10-8g. Together with 1477 dust impactsrecorded between launch of Ulysses and the end of /1995 publishedearlier (Grün et al., Planet. Space Sci. 43 (/1995a) 971;Krüger et al., Planet. Space Sci. 47 (/1999b) 363), a data set of1695 dust impacts detected with the Ulysses sensor between October /1990and December /1999 is now available. The impact rate measured between1996 and 1999 was relatively constant with about 0.2 impacts per day.The impact direction of the majority of the impacts is compatible withparticles of interstellar origin, the rest are most likelyinterplanetary particles. The observed impact rate is compared with amodel for the flux of interstellar dust particles. The flux of particlesseveral micrometres in size is compared with the measurements of thedust instruments on board Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 beyond 3 AU (Humes,J. Geophys. Res. 85 /(1980) 5841). Between 3 and 5 AU, Pioneer resultspredict that Ulysses should have seen 5 times more (~10mum sized)particles than actually detected.
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| 3. |
- Lienhardt, C, et al.
(författare)
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Active tuberculosis in Africa is associated with reduced Th1 and increased Th2 activity in vivo
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - 1521-4141. ; 32:6, s. 1605-1613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Activation of Th1 lymphocytes, IFN-gamma production and macrophage activation are crucial in defense against Mycobacteria. In developing countries, Th2 activation and IL-4 production have been associated in vitro with tuberculosis and with poor clinical outcome after treatment. Serological markers of Th1 [soluble lymphocyte activation gene (LAG)-3] and Th2 (IgE, soluble CD30, and CCL22/macrophage-derived chemokine) activity were measured in 414 HIV-negative tuberculosis patients from The Gambia and Guinee and in 414 healthy household and community controls. Measurements were repeated during treatment to assess the effect of therapy on Th1/Th2 ratio. At diagnosis, sLAG-3 levels were lower in patients than in community controls (p<0.0001), but were higher in household controls exposed to contact with patients than in community controls (p<0.0001). In comparison with community controls, patients had consistently higher levels of IgE, sCD30, and CCL22 (p<0.0001), whereas household controls had lower levels of indicators of Th2 activity (P<0.0001). After treatment, cured patients had higher levels of Th1 (p<0.0001) and lower levels of Th2 (p<0.0001) activity than patients who were not successfully treated or interrupted therapy. In Africa, tuberculosis is associated with low Th1 and high Th2 activity in vivo, whereas close exposure to tuberculosis is associated with a high Th1/Th2 ratio. Patients with favorable outcome after treatment exhibit a higher Th1/Th2 ratio compared to patients with poor clinical outcome.
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| 4. |
- Andersen, JR, et al.
(författare)
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Small-x phenomenology - summary and status 2002
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 35:1, s. 67-98
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A second workshop on small-x physics, within the Small-x Collaboration, was held in Lund in June 2002 with the aim of over-viewing recent theoretical progress in this area and summarizing the experimental status.
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| 5. |
- Panagopoulos, I, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical impact of molecular and cytogenetic findings in synovial sarcoma
- 2001
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Ingår i: Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer. - : Wiley. - 1045-2257. ; 31:4, s. 72-362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synovial sarcoma is an aggressive soft-tissue tumor that accounts for up to 10% of soft-tissue sarcomas. Cytogenetically, synovial sarcoma is characterized by the t(X;18)(p11;q11), found in more than 95% of the tumors. This translocation results in rearrangements of the SYT gene in 18q11 and one of the SSX1, SSX2, or SSX4 genes in Xp11, creating a SYT/SSX1, SYT/SSX2, or SYT/SSX4 chimeric gene. It has been shown that patients with SYT/SSX1 fusion genes have a shorter metastasis-free survival than do patients with SYT/SSX2. Previous studies have also suggested that clonal evolution may be associated with disease progression. In the present study, RT-PCR analysis showed that all 64 examined synovial sarcomas from 54 patients had SYT-SSX chimeric genes. SYT/SSX1 was found in 40 tumors from 33 patients, SYT/SSX2 in 23 tumors from 20 patients, and SYT/SSX4 in one case. Two patients had variant SYT/SSX2 transcripts, with 57 bp and 141 bp inserts, respectively, between the known SYT and SSX2 sequences. Patients with tumors with SYT/SSX1 fusions had a higher risk of developing metastases compared to those with SYT/SSX2 fusions (P = 0.01). The reciprocal transcripts SSX1/SYT and SSX2/SYT were detected using nested PCR in 11 of the 40 samples with SYT/SSX1 and 5 of the 23 samples with SYT/SSX2, respectively. Among 20 blood samples, SYT/SSX1 and SYT/SSX2 were detected in one sample each. The t(X;18), or variants thereof, was found cytogenetically in all patients but three. Among 32 primary tumors, the t(X;18) or a variant translocation was the sole anomaly in 10. In contrast, of the seven metastatic lesions that were investigated prior to radiotherapy, only one had a t(X;18) as the sole anomaly; all other tumors displayed complex karyotypes. Cytogenetic complexity in primary tumors was, however, not associated with the development of metastases. Tumors with SYT/SSX2 less often (4/12 vs. 7/15) showed complex karyotypes than did tumors with SYT/SSX1, but the difference was not significant. Combining cytogenetic complexity and transcript data, we found that the subgroup of patients with tumors showing simple karyotypes and SYT/SSX2 fusion had the best clinical outcome (2/8 patients developed metastases), and those with tumors showing complex karyotypes together with SYT/SSX1 fusion the worst (6/7 patients developed metastases). This corresponded to 5-year metastasis-free survival rates of 0.58 and 0.0, respectively (P = 0.02).
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| 6. |
- Allard, Per, et al.
(författare)
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[Inventory of geriatric psychiatry in Sweden. In short supply where demand does not determine resource allocation].
- 2000
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 97:24, s. 2976-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1999 The Swedish Society for Old Age Psychiatry conducted an investigation in all Swedish counties in order to survey existing organizations and resources for medical services intended for elderly people with psychiatric complaints. In some counties there were no out-patient units specifically aimed at elderly people with psychiatric diseases, while more than half had no out-patient units for the large group of elderly with psychiatric ailments other than dementia. The total number of beds was far less than international recommendations. Less than 5 per cent of the total number of Swedish psychiatrists and geriatricians hold positions exclusively for geriatric psychiatry. Access to geriatric psychiatry resources appears to be unevenly distributed, and may be found mainly in or near university cities.
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| 7. |
- Andershed, Henrik A., et al.
(författare)
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The usefulness of self-reported psychopathy-like traits in the study of antisocial behaviour among non-referred adolescents
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Personality. - New York : John Wiley & Sons. - 0890-2070 .- 1099-0984. ; 16:5, s. 383-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Addresses the question of whether it is possible to use a self-report measure of psychopathic traits on non-referred youth samples to identify a subgroup of problematic youths who are particularly problematic and different from other problem youths. A large sample of 1,279 eighth-grade, non-referred adolescents (mean age 14.42 yrs), and their parents were assessed. Students completed self-report measures that assessed personality, conduct problems, and family functioning. Parents responded by completing and mailing in a questionnaire. Results show that the adolescents exhibiting a low-socialized psychopathy-like personality constellation had a more frequent, violent, and versatile conduct-problem profile than other low-socialized and well socialized adolescents. The psychopathy-like adolescents also differed from other poorly socialized adolescents in ways that suggested that their etiological background was different from adolescents with non-psychopathy-like conduct problems. The authors conclude that self-report measures can indeed be useful for research purposes in subtyping youths with conduct problems.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Small x phenomenology: summary and status
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 25:1, s. 77-101
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to summarize the general status of our understanding of small-x physics. It is based on presentations and discussions at an informal meeting OIL this topic held in Lund, Sweden, in March 2001. This document also marks the founding of an informal collaboration between experimentalists and theoreticians with a special interest in small-x physics. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Bo Andersson. who died unexpectedly from a heart attack on March 4th, 2002.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Clarke, IC, et al.
(författare)
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Ultra-low wear rates for rigid-on-rigid bearings in total hip replacements
- 2000
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0954-4119 .- 2041-3033. ; 214:H44, s. 331-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the increased clinical interest in metal-on-metal and ceramic-on-ceramic total-hip replacements (THRs), the objective of this hip simulator study was to identify the relative wear ranking of three bearing systems, namely CoCr-polyethylene (M-PE), CoCr-CoCr (M-M) and ceramic-on-ceramic (C-C). Volumetric wear rates were used as the method of comparison. The seven THR groupings included one M-PE study, two M-M studies and four C-C studies. Special emphasis was given to defining the ‘run-in’ phase of accelerated wear that rigid-on-rigid bearings generally exhibit. The hypothesis was that characterization of the run-in and steady state wear phases would clarify not only the tribological performance in vitro but also help correlate these in vitro wear rates with the ‘average’ wear rates measured on retrieved implants. The implant systems were studied on multichannel hip simulators using the Paul gait cycle and bovine serum as the lubricant. With 28 mm CoCr heads, the PE (2.5 Mrad/N2) wear rates averaged 13 mm3/106 cycles duration. This was considered a low value compared with the clinical model of 74 mm3/year (for 28 mm heads). Our later studies established that this low laboratory value was a consequence of the serum parameters then in use. The mating CoCr heads (with PE cups) wore at the steady state rate of 0.028 mm3/106 cycles. The concurrently run Metasul™ M-M THRs wore at the steady state rate of 0.119 mm3/106 cycles with high-protein serum. In the second Metasul M-M study with low-protein serum, the THR run-in rate was 2.681 mm3/106 cycles and steady state was 0.977 mm3/106 cycles. At 10 years, these data would predict a 70-fold reduction in M-M wear debris compared with the clinical PE wear model. All M-M implants exhibited biphasic wear trends, with the transition point at 0.5 × 106 cycles between run-in and steady state phases, the latter averaging a 3-fold decrease in wear rate. White surface coatings on implants (coming from the serum solution) were a confounding factor but did not obscure the two orders of magnitude wear performance improvement for CoCr over PE cups. The liners in the alumina head-alumina cup combination wore at the steady state rate of 0.004 mm3/106 cycles over 14 × 106 cycles duration (high-protein serum). The zirconia head-alumina cup THR combination wore at 0.174 and 0.014 mm3/106 cycles for run-in and steady state rates respectively (low-protein serum). The zirconia head and cup THR combination wore slightly higher initially with 0.342 and 0.013 mm3/106 cycles for run-in and steady state rates respectively. Other wear studies have generally predicted catastrophic wear for such zirconia-ceramic combinations. It was noted that the zirconia wear trends were frequently masked by the effects of tenacious white surface coatings. It was possible that these coatings protected the zirconia surfaces somewhat in this simulator study. The experimental ceramic Crystaloy THR had the highest ceramic run-in wear at 0.681 mm3/106 cycles and typical 0.016 mm3/106 cycles for steady state. Since these implants represented the first Crystaloy THR sets made, it was likely that the surface conditions of this high-strength ceramic could be improved in the future. Overall, the ceramic THRs demonstrated three orders of magnitude wear performance improvement over PE cups. With zirconia implants, while the cup wear was sometimes measurable, head wear was seldom discernible, Therefore, we have to be cautious in interpreting such zirconia wear data. Identifying the run=in and steady state wear rates was a valuable step in processing the ceramic wear data and assessing its reliability. Thus, The M-M and C-C THRs have demonstrated two to three orders of reduction in volumetric wear in the laboratory compared with the PE wear standard, which helps to explain the excellent wear performance and minimal osteolysis seen with such implants at retrieval operations.
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