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- Gustafson, Stefan, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Intelligence and dyslexia : Implications for diagnosis and intervention
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley InterScience. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 40:2, s. 127-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we critically examine theoretical issues and practical consequences of including IQ in the definition of dyslexia. According to the discrepancy criterion individuals are classified as dyslexic if their reading skills are below what would be expected from their IQ scores. However, we argue that intelligence is a fuzzy concept and that there is no clear causal relationship between intelligence level and word decoding skills. Also, high and low IQ poor readers show the same reading performance patterns, indicating that both groups might benefit from the same remedial activities. Evidence for the critical role of phonological skills in dyslexia is presented and a more recent definition of dyslexia is discussed in relation to these findings. Finally, two alternative, more outcome-based classifications of poor readers are suggested and some critical consequences for individual interventions are outlined.
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- Samuelsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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The Development of Word-decoding Skills in Young Readers
- 1996
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0031-3831 .- 1470-1170. ; 40:4, s. 325-332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most of the research on the acquisition of word-decoding skills has almost exclusively focused on the ability to read words in isolation. The purpose of this article is to extend our knowledge to the independent role of phonological and orthographic word-decoding skills in the reading tasks which children encounter in school. The data were quite consistent with the general core of models suggesting that children first become proficient in phonological decoding then gradually shift towards a more direct orthographic-decoding strategy. As such, these findings have helped to generalize models of the acquisition of word-decoding skills to reading comprehension.
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- Samuelsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Visual and auditory priming in Swedish poor readers : a double dissociation
- 1998
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Ingår i: Dyslexia. - : Wiley InterScience. - 1076-9242 .- 1099-0909. ; 4:1, s. 16-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Schacter et al. (1990) found support for a functional dissociation between visual and auditory priming effects in a letter-by-letter reader. Their conclusions were based on the perceptual representation systems framework, suggesting that visual priming is mediated by a visual word form system separate from an auditory word form system responsible for auditory priming. This article focuses on visual and auditory priming effects exhibited by poor readers with phonological or surface subtypes of reading disability. The phonological type of reading disability was defined as an impairment in phonological word decoding, whereas the surface type of reading disability was defined as an impairment in orthographic word decoding. The results demonstrated a double dissociation, such that poor readers with a surface type of reading disability produced more auditory than visual priming, whereas poor readers with a phonological type of reading disability showed more visual than auditory priming. The majority of children with reading disabilities showed weaknesses in both orthographic and phonological word decoding and, importantly, low levels of priming effects for both visually and auditorily presented materials. Finally, age-matched normal readers showed significant priming effects for both visual and auditory presented words. These findings support the assumption that both orthographic and phonological skills can be simultaneously impaired and that a dual-route model for the acquisition of word decoding skills might be the most appropriate framework to describe different subtypes of reading disabilities.
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- Gustafson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Accessible hyaluronan receptors identical to ICAM-1 in mouse mast-cell tumours
- 1995
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Ingår i: Glycoconjugate Journal. - 0282-0080 .- 1573-4986. ; 12:3, s. 350-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunohistochemical studies of the hyaluronan (HA)-receptor (R), originally found on liver endothelial cells (LEC) and related to the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), showed that polyclonal antibodies against HARLEC (HA receptor on LEC) also stain structures in mouse mastocytomas, mainly vessels. To test if intravenously administered HA might target the tumour receptors in vivo, mice carrying an inoculated mastocytoma in one hind leg muscle were injected in the tail vein with 125I-tyrosine (T)-labelled HA and killed 75 min after injection when organs and tissues were checked for radioactivity. When doses exceeding the binding capacity of the liver were injected, a significant increase in radioactivity (up to five-fold) within the tumour tissue was found. The weight adjusted difference between control and tumour tissue was greater for smaller tumours, probably due to necrosis in the larger. HA-staining of tumours from animals receiving 125I-T-HA, showed HA in areas that also stained weakly for ICAM-1 using monoclonal antibodies. ICAM-1 staining was dramatically increased after hyaluronidase treatment of the sections, indicating that the HA is bound to these receptors and thereby blocks antibody recognition.
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- Gustafson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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ICAM-1 is a cell-surface receptor for hyaluronan.
- 1995
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Ingår i: 6th Interscience World Conference on Inflammation, Antirheumatics, Analgesics, Immunomodulators, Geneva, Switzerland, 28-30 March, Abstract. ; 160, s. 28-
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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