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- Arafat, Yasir, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Remote switching of multiple smart meters and steps to check the effect on the grid's power quality
- 2014
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Ingår i: 2014 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, T and D 2014; Chicago; United States; 14 April 2014 through 17 April 2014. - 2160-8563. - 9781479936557 ; , s. Art. no. 6863273-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The traditional electrical grid is transitioning into the Smart Grid (SG) and the introduction of Smart Meter (SM) is a first stage towards Smart Grid. The SM can offer new functionalities such as remote reading, automatic event reporting and the possibility of remote switching by the Distribution System Operator (DSO). The DSO can send remote signal to the breaker of the SM to disconnect or connect customers. This could be used when customers are moving or do not have a contract. DSO is currently applying this technique regularly for customers but one by one which do not affect the grid's power quality remarkably. But this technique has never been applied for multiple customers at a time in a single neighborhood and the possible effect on the grid's power quality is still unknown. This condition is studied in this paper through test scenarios which have already been planned to test. This paper presents necessary steps of remote SM switching for a large number of customers. Power quality standards and steps for measuring power quality during the tests are outlined. Possible risks of the test as well as the probability of occurring risk and also the consequences of those risks are studied in this paper.
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| 3. |
- Otterbring, Tobias, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Vision (im) possible? The effects of in-store signage on customers’ visual attention
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-6989 .- 1873-1384. ; 21:5, s. 676-684
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used two eye-tracking field experiments to investigate the extent to which in-store signage is used during navigation and decision making, and how the viewing of signage influences customers’ visual attention and choice behavior. One hundred and seventy-five customers at a grocery store were exposed to signage stimuli while carrying out predefined shopping tasks. Experiment 1 shows that attention toward signage is affected by customers’ levels of store familiarity and in-store search stage (navigation vs. decision making). Experiment 2 demonstrates that signage has a considerable impact on the direction and magnitude of customers’ visual attention during decision making.
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| 4. |
- Wästlund, Erik, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Heuristics and resource depletion : eye-tracking customers’ in situ gaze behavior in the field
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; :1, s. 95-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When we visit a retail outlet, we go there to complete some type of shopping goal. These goals may be very specific and precisely planned prior to entering the store, or more abstract, and something we think of on the spur of the moment. The stores may display tens of thousands of different products, making it difficult to achieve the shopping goal in a rational manner. As a result, we use different types of heuristics to meet our shopping goals. In this study, we investigate how a customer’s visual attention is influenced by their shopping goal, based on the results of three field experiments in three different contexts—a gas station, a sports store, and a grocery store. Firstly we establish that differences do exist in viewing behavior based on whether shopping goals are planned or unplanned. A more complex and unplanned shopping goal leads to increased observations of in-store stimulus. We then study whether or not the complexity of the first shopping goal also influences the viewing behavior of the next shopping goal, independently of the characteristics of the second goal. The findings confirm that complex decision heuristics deplete cognitive recourse. This finding results in diminished visual attention during subsequent choices. In turn, this has implications for a customer’s shopping behavior.
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