| 1. |
- Berglund, Anna-Karin, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Nucleotide pools dictate the identity and frequency of ribonucleotide incorporation in mitochondrial DNA. : Mapping ribonucleotides in mitochondrial DNA
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404 .- 1553-7390. ; 13:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous work has demonstrated the presence of ribonucleotides in human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and in the present study we use a genome-wide approach to precisely map the location of these. We find that ribonucleotides are distributed evenly between the heavy- and light-strand of mtDNA. The relative levels of incorporated ribonucleotides reflect that DNA polymerase γ discriminates the four ribonucleotides differentially during DNA synthesis. The observed pattern is also dependent on the mitochondrial deoxyribonucleotide (dNTP) pools and disease-causing mutations that change these pools alter both the absolute and relative levels of incorporated ribonucleotides. Our analyses strongly suggest that DNA polymerase γ-dependent incorporation is the main source of ribonucleotides in mtDNA and argues against the existence of a mitochondrial ribonucleotide excision repair pathway in human cells. Furthermore, we clearly demonstrate that when dNTP pools are limiting, ribonucleotides serve as a source of building blocks to maintain DNA replication. Increased levels of embedded ribonucleotides in patient cells with disturbed nucleotide pools may contribute to a pathogenic mechanism that affects mtDNA stability and impair new rounds of mtDNA replication.
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| 2. |
- Boström, Magnus, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Conditions for Transformative Learning for Sustainable Development : A Theoretical Review and Approach
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 10:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continued unsustainability and surpassed planetary boundaries require not only scientific and technological advances, but deep and enduring social and cultural changes. The purpose of this article is to contribute a theoretical approach to understand conditions and constraints for societal change towards sustainable development. In order to break with unsustainable norms, habits, practices, and structures, there is a need for learning for transformation, not only adaption. Based on a critical literature review within the field of learning for sustainable development, our approach is a development of the concept of transformative learning, by integrating three additional dimensions—Institutional Structures, Social Practices, and Conflict Perspectives. This approach acknowledges conflicts on macro, meso, and micro levels, as well as structural and cultural constraints. It contends that transformative learning is processual, interactional, long-term, and cumbersome. It takes place within existing institutions and social practices, while also transcending them. The article adopts an interdisciplinary social science perspective that acknowledges the importance of transformative learning in order for communities, organizations, and individuals to be able to deal with global sustainability problems, acknowledging the societal and personal conflicts involved in such transformation.
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| 3. |
- Gustafsson, Karin M., 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Boundary organizations and environmental governance : Performance, institutional design, and conceptual development
- 2018
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Ingår i: Climate Risk Management. - : Elsevier. - 2212-0963. ; 19, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept boundary organization has been introduced to identify and explain a specific way of organizing the interface between science and policy. Although the original meaning of the concept has been criticized, the term has come to be frequently used in studies of knowledge transfer and science-policy relations. This usage constitutes the reason for this paper, which investigates how the concept of boundary organization has come to be used and defined and explores its contribution to the discussion of the organization of the science-policy interplay. The analysis finds that despite its spread and usage, the concept boundary organization does not refer to any specific form of organization and does not per se give any guidance about how to organize science-policy interplay. Instead, boundary organization is mainly used as an empirical label when studying the governance of expertise and the management of science-policy interfaces. This finding is also true for studies of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which describe that organization as a boundary organization without saying anything about what that label means in terms of institutional design and practical implications. However, to label an organization as a boundary organization nevertheless works performatively; it shapes an organization’s identity, may provide legitimacy, and can also stabilize the interactions between it and other organizations. Therefore, boundary organization is an important concept, but primarily as a way to facilitate interaction. Thus, the focus of research should be on analyzing how the concept is used and what its implications are for the organization studied.
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| 4. |
- Gustafsson, Karin M, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Early career scientists in IPCC : A moderate or radical pathway towards a sustainable future?
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global knowledge assessments such as the IPCC play a key role for our understanding of climate change, as well as the direction of policy to combat it. Thus, IPCC’s assessments have a framing effect that influences the potential and direction of sustainability transformations. The IPCC has been criticized for its natural scientific dominance which has favored a narrow set of solutions that do not address the root causes of co2 emissions, such as growth. As a consequence of this criticism there have been enduring calls for the inclusion of a broader set of perspectives in the IPCC. In this paper we present two different pathways for increased inclusion and influence of the IPCC that derive from current theoretical debates. We use these two perspectives to explore IPCC introduction of early career scientists, the role they play in the organization, and how this role is to be understood in terms of creating an opportunity for institutional change and sustainability transformations. The introduction of early career scientists partly divert from IPCC’s previous strategy to reach sustainability by enrolling world leading scientists to 'speak truth to power'. The change can be seen in the light of a growing work load, but it also involves the inclusion of a new group and the opportunity to, at least partly meet the criticism regarding lack of inclusion. Empirically, the study analyze interviews, documents, and scientific journal articles. Theoretically, the study elaborate on how the socialization process can enhance deliberative capability for sustainability transformations.Implications for sustainability transformations: Global knowledge assessments does not per se result in sustainability transformations. Knowledge assessments may be organized in ways that either prevent or enable transformative changes. Due to its framing effect, a reflective and deliberate organization, execution, and use of knowledge assessments is crucial to enable future sustainability transformations.
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| 5. |
- Gustafsson, Karin M., 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Intersectional boundary work in socializing new experts : The case of IPBES
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ecosystems and People. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2639-5908 .- 2639-5916. ; 15:1, s. 181-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expert organizations are often described as facilitators of the interactions between science and policy. In managing this boundary, they must also manage other boundaries, such as those between different knowledge systems and between different categories of actors. However, how this intersectional boundary work is performed, and what it implies, is still unexplored territory. Focusing on the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), this study contributes knowledge on the intersectionality of boundary work and how it influences the production of global policy-relevant knowledge. This is done by examining how IPBES socializes junior experts to become senior experts. This socialization process makes a number of norms and ideals visible and enables an analysis of how the know- how of boundary work is passed forward from one generation of experts to the next. The study analyzes three boundaries: between senior and junior experts, between science and policy, and between scientific knowledge and indigenous and local knowledge. The findings show how intersectional boundary work is crucial in the creation of expert organizations and policy-relevant knowledge. In the case of IPBES, this study shows how the institutionalization of the organization unintentionally has created restrictions for the boundary work between different knowledge systems.
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| 6. |
- Gustafsson, Karin M, 1983-
(författare)
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Latest News on the Monarch Butterfly
- 2015
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Ingår i: BioScience. - : Oxford University Press. - 0006-3568 .- 1525-3244. ; 65:12, s. 1190-1192
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Gustafsson, Karin M, 1983-
(författare)
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Learning from the Experiences of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change : Balancing Science and Policy to Enable Trustworthy Knowledge
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 11:23, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To create a societal change towards a sustainable future, constructive relations between science and policy are of major importance. Boundary organizations such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have come to play an important role in establishing such constructive relations. This study contributes to the development of empirically informed knowledge on the challenge of balancing different expectations for how the science–policy relation is to be constructed to create trustworthy knowledge and policy decisions, i.e., when to be what and to whom. This study revisits Climategate and uses the public debate on the IPCC’s credibility, legitimacy, and policy relevance that followed Climategate as an analytical window to explore how the IPCC balanced the science–policy relation in a trustworthy manner. The analysis is based on a document study. The study shows how different expectations on the science–policy relation coexist, and how these risks create a loss of trust, credibility, legitimacy, and policy relevance. Thus, for boundary organizations to have a chance to impact policy discussions, reflexivity about the present epistemic ideals and expectations on knowledge production is of major importance, and must be reflected in an organizational flexibility that is open to different strategies on how to connect science and policy in relation to different actors and phases of the knowledge production process.
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| 8. |
- Gustafsson, Karin M, 1983-
(författare)
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Narrating on the fly : a case study of the monarch butterfly and the management of scientific ambiguity, complexity, and uncertainty
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To translate scientific knowledge into actions in social practices outside of science has been highlighted as one of the biggest challenges in environmental conservation. What has been presented as a key in this process is to balance between the need of new knowledge to explain details of nature’s complexity and the need to simplify the complexity to make it manageable, a balance that is supposed to contribute to transform knowing into doing. As this challenge is faced to meet the need of science based environmental decisions, it becomes more and more important to also ask the question of how this translation is done, this to understand what consequences it brings to what is, and could be, known and done.By using the case of themonarch butterfly, this study provides knowledge of how the translation of knowledge between different social settings, such as science, citizen science, and policy, are being executed in an ongoing scientific and policy discussion. The study combines document studies with an interview study including scientists, citizen scientists, and ENGO representatives, all positioned in the center(s) of the monarch community. The analysis shows how a strong and engaging narrative are being constructed of the monarch butterfly by balancing detailed knowledge with general descriptions, inclusion and common knowledge with particularities and expertise, and consensus with conflicts.The study shows how scientific ambiguity, complexity, and uncertainty are managed throughout the process of trying to translate knowing into doing, findings of importance to environmental conservation as well as to scientific communication more generally
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| 9. |
- Gustafsson, Karin M, 1983-
(författare)
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Narrating the Monarch Butterfly : Managing Knowledge Complexity and Uncertainty in Coproduction of a Collective Narrative and Public Discourse
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science communication. - : Sage Publications. - 1075-5470 .- 1552-8545. ; 39:4, s. 492-519
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In January 2014, the monarch butterfly reached North American political agendas due to reports of a long-term population decline. Requests were made for reliable descriptions of what was known about the butterfly, its population and migration, and the actions needed to protect it. This article studies the construction of the collective narrative that has come to dominate the public discourse on the butterfly. The analysis demonstrates how complexity and uncertainty in monarch knowledge have been managed through a process of coproduction, where focus has been on emphasizing knowledge certainty by portraying science and conservation as two separate but dependent social spheres.
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| 10. |
- Gustafsson, Karin M, 1983-
(författare)
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Organizing experts : IPBES and the construction of epistemic authority
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- What role organizational preconditions play for the constitution of expertise and the construction of epistemic authority? This is the guiding question for this paper, which studies how expertise is shaped in the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity & Ecosystem Services (IPBES). The IPBES has been described as an organizational blue print of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). By organizing the world’s experts on biodiversity, IPBES set out to produce policy-relevant knowledge. However, while IPCC is delimited to organize scientific knowledge, IPBES also acknowledges the importance to find ways to synthetize different knowledge forms, including indigenous and local knowledges. Thus, for IPBES, policy-relevant knowledge is created through the enrolment of fundamentally different knowledge practices and multiple forms of experts.In the light of IPBES’s ambitions to become an epistemic authority through synthetization of heterogeneous knowledge forms, we need to revisit the classic questions of who is an expert and its relation to epistemic authority. What does expert mean for IPBES and how does the expert contribute shape the epistemic authority of the IPBES?Based on a combination of documents and interviews, this study explores the organizational structure of IPBES through which expertise are determined and experts enrolled. Experts and expertise has previously been understood as either created relationally, or as being qualities possible to acquire. However, the result of this study shows how expertise and epistemological authority also have important organizational preconditions. IPBES’s institutional design is pivotal in the making of expertise and the shaping of the epistemic authority of IPBES.
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