| 1. |
- Gustavsson, Mikael, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating the release of chemical substances from consumer products, textiles and pharmaceuticals to wastewater
- 2022
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemical emissions from households originate from a wide range of sources and results in highly diverse mixtures. This makes traditional monitoring based on analytical chemistry challenging, especially for compounds that appear in low concentrations. We therefore developed a method for predicting emissions of chemicals from households into wastewater, relying on consumption patterns from multiple data sources. The method was then used to predict the emissions of chemical preparations, chemicals leaching from textiles and prescription pharmaceuticals in Sweden. In total we predicted emissions of 2007 chemicals with a combined emission of 62,659 tonnes per year - or 18 g/person and day. Of the emitted chemicals, 2.0% (w/w) were either classified as hazardous to the environment or were both persistent and mobile. We also show that chemical emissions come from a wide range of uses and that the total emission of any individual chemical is determined primarily by its use pattern, not by the total amount used. This emphasizes the need for continuous updates and additional knowledge generation both on emission factors and excretion rates as well as a need for improved reporting on the intended use of individual chemicals. Finally, we scrutinize the model and its uncertainty and suggest areas that need improvement to increase the accuracy of future emission modelling. We conclude that emission modelling can help guide environmental monitoring and provide input into management strategies aimed at reducing the environmental effect caused by hazardous chemicals.
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| 2. |
- Gustavsson, Mikael, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Risk assessment of chemicals and their mixtures are hindered by scarcity and inconsistencies between different environmental exposure limits
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In chemical risk assessment, measured or modelled environmental concentrations are compared to environ-mental exposure limits (EELs), such as Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNECs) or hazardous concentrations for 5% of species (HC05s) derived from species sensitivity distributions (SSDs). However, for many chemicals the EELs include large uncertainties or, in the worst case, the necessary data for their estimation are completely missing. This makes the assessment of chemical risks and any subsequent implementation of management strategies challenging. In this study we analyzed the uncertainty of EELs and its impact on chemical risk assessment. First, we compared three individual EEL datasets, two primarily based on experimental data and one based on computational predictions. The comparison demonstrates large disagreements between EEL data sources, with experimentally derived EELs differing by more than seven orders of magnitude. In a case-study, based on the predicted emissions of 2005 chemicals, we showed that these uncertainties lead to significantly different risk assessment outcomes, including large differences in the magnitude of the total risk, risk driver identification, and the ranking of use categories as risk contributors. We also show that the large data-gaps in EEL datasets cannot be covered by commonly used computational approaches (QSARs). We conclude that an expanded framework for interpreting risk characterization outcomes is needed. We also argue that the large data -gaps present in ecotoxicological data need to be addressed in order to achieve the European zero pollution vision as the growing emphasis on ambient exposures will further increase the demand for accurate and well -established EELs.
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| 3. |
- Gustavsson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Transformers enable accurate prediction of acute and chronic chemical toxicity in aquatic organisms
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sciences Advances. ; 10:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental hazard assessments are reliant on toxicity data that cover multiple organism groups. Generating experimental toxicity data is, however, resource-intensive and time-consuming. Computational methods are fast and cost-efficient alternatives, but the low accuracy and narrow applicability domains have made their adaptation slow. Here, we present a AI-based model for predicting chemical toxicity. The model uses transformers to capture toxicity-specific features directly from the chemical structures and deep neural networks to predict effect concentrations. The model showed high predictive performance for all tested organism groups—algae, aquatic invertebrates and fish—and has, in comparison to commonly used QSAR methods, a larger applicability domain and a considerably lower error. When the model was trained on data with multiple effect concentrations (EC50/EC10), the performance was further improved. We conclude that deep learning and transformers have the potential to markedly advance computational prediction of chemical toxicity.
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| 4. |
- Gustavsson, Sverker, 1940-
(författare)
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Aversionen mot demokratisk bearbetning
- 2024
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Ingår i: Samtal om idéer, utvärdering och samhällsförändring. - : Uppsala universitet. - 9789151320083 ; , s. 13-24
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Gustavsson, Sverker, 1940-
(författare)
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Demokrati, diktatur och populism
- 2022
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Ingår i: Demokratin som bildningsväg. - Stockholm : Carlsson Bokförlag. - 9789189065444 ; , s. 79-91
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Gustavsson, Sverker, 1940-
(författare)
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Den som vill ha demokrati måste först lära sig vad det är
- 2020
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Nyårets händelser i världspolitiken skärper frågan om hoten mot det politiska tänkande man kan kalla ”efterkrigsdoktrinen”. Demokratin måste till att börja med vara ordentligt begripen av de som kallar sig demokrater, skriver statsvetaren Sverker Gustavsson.
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| 7. |
- Gustavsson, Sverker, 1940-
(författare)
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Fyrgruppsteorin
- 2022
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Ingår i: Makt, opinion och politik. - Stockholm : Dialogos Förlag. - 9789175044064 ; , s. 71-87
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Gustavsson, Sverker, 1940-
(författare)
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Hur demokratin överlever
- 2020
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Ingår i: Oumbärliga samtal. - Göteborg : Daidalos. - 9789171736048 ; , s. 65-91
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Gustavsson, Sverker, 1940-
(författare)
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Lärdomar av 1900-talskrisen
- 2020
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Ingår i: Tiden. - Stockholm. - 0040-6759. ; 112:2, s. 56-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 10. |
- Gustavsson, Sverker, 1940-
(författare)
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Lärdomar av rektorskrisen 2014
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frihet, kollegialitet, studentinflytande. - Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. - 9789151310374 ; , s. 83-94
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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