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| 2. |
- Arvidsson, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Burnout among school teachers : quantitative and qualitative results from a follow-up study in southern Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Teachers are at high risk of stress-related disorders. This longitudinal study aimed to (a) identify which occupational, sociodemographic and life-style factors and self-efficacy at baseline that were of importance for burnout, (b) explore associations between changes in the studied factors versus changes in burnout, and (c) by interviews increase the understanding of perceived job demands among teachers.Methods: A cohort of 310 Swedish teachers in school-years 4–9 responded to a questionnaire of occupational, sociodemographic and life-style factors, self-efficacy and burnout, at baseline and at follow-up (mean 30 months later). A combined measure with four levels of burnout was crafted, based on exhaustion, cynicism and professional efficacy (Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey). Quantitative data were analysed with multiple ordinal regression, and qualitative data were analysed with content analysis of interview responses from a subgroup of the teachers (n = 81).Results: The occurrence of high burnout (level 2 and 3 combined) were similar at baseline and follow-up (14% vs. 15%). However, many teachers fluctuated between the levels of burnout (28% increased and 24% decreased). Burnout at baseline was of importance for change of work or being off duty at follow up. In the multi-exposure model, low self-efficacy [OR 0.42; CI 0.26–0.68] and high job demands [OR 1.97; CI 1.02–3.8] were the strongest explanatory variables. Low self-efficacy remained as the strongest explanatory factor after adjustment for burnout at baseline. Increased job demands during follow-up was associated with an increased level of burnout [OR 3.41; CI 1.73–6.69], whereas increased decision latitude was associated with a decreased level of burnout [OR 0.51; CI 0.30–0.87]. Two major categories of demands emerged in the qualitative analysis; i.e. too high workload and a sense of inadequacy.Conclusions: A substantial proportion of teachers showed signs of burnout at both occasions. Low self-efficacy and high job demands was of importance for burnout, and changes in burnout was further associated with changes in decision latitude. The results points to the need of actions on individual, organizational and a societal levels.
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| 3. |
- Arvidsson, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Burnout among Swedish school teachers - a cross-sectional analysis
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Teachers are at high risk of stress-related disorders. This study aimed to examine the occurrence of burnout in a sample of Swedish school-teachers, to test a combined measure of three burnout dimensions on the individual level, to characterize associations between burnout and factors encountered during work and leisure time, and to explore any differences between the genders. Methods: A questionnaire of occupational, sociodemographic and life-style factors was answered by 490 teachers in school years 4-9. Outcome measures were (a) the single burnout dimensions of exhaustion, cynicism and professional efficacy (Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey), and (b) a combined measure based on high or low values in the three dimensions. The combined measure was used to stratify the study population into four levels (0-3) of burnout. Multivariable Poisson regression was applied on level 2 + 3 vs. level 0 + 1, for variables that we considered as relevant risk factors for burn out. Results: Half of the teachers reported low values in all three dimensions (level 0), whereas 15 were classified as having high burnout in at least two out of the three dimensions (level 2 + 3), and 4 % in all three dimensions (level 3). Almost all psychosocial factors were incrementally more unfavourably reported through the rising levels of burnout, and so were dissatisfaction with the computer workstation, pain, sleep problems and lack of personal recovery. There was no association between gender and rising levels of overall burnout (p > 0.30). Low self-efficacy, poor leadership, high job demands and teaching in higher grades were the variables most clearly associated with burnout in multivariable Poisson regression. Conclusions: Even if circa 50 % of the teachers appear do well with respect to burnout, the results points to the need of implementing multifaceted countermeasures that may serve to reduce burnout.
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| 4. |
- Borgh, Madeleine, et al.
(författare)
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Organisational factors and occupational balance in working parents in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 46:3, s. 409-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Parents with small children constitute a vulnerable group as they have an increased risk of sick leave due to stress-related disorders compared to adults without children. It has been shown that mothers and fathers to small children together spend more time in paid work than any other group, which could create negative stress and an experience of low occupational balance. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine associations between organisational factors and occupational balance among parents with small children in Sweden. Methods: Data were collected by a survey including questions about occupational balance, organisational factors and age, sex, employment rate, work position, monthly household income, number of children at home, separation/divorce last five years and overtime. The total number of parents included in this study was 718 (490 mothers and 228 fathers). Logistic regression models were applied to examine the odds ratios for occupational balance in relation to organisational factors. Results: Parents who experienced positive attitudes towards parenthood and parental leave among colleagues and managers were more likely to experience high occupational balance than parents who experienced negative or neutral attitudes. Having a clear structure for handover when absent from work was also strongly associated with high occupational balance. Conclusions : The result of the present study indicates that some organisational factors could be important for the occupational balance of parents with small children.
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| 5. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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The linkage between patterns of daily occupations and occupational balance : Applications within occupational science and occupational therapy practice
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - London, UK : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 24:1, s. 41-56
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patterns of daily occupations (PDO) and occupational balance (OB) are recurring phenomena in the literature. Both are related with health and well-being, which makes them central in occupational therapy practice and occupational science. The aim was to review how PDO and OB are described in the literature, to propose a view of how the two constructs may be linked, and elaborate on how such a view may benefit occupational science and occupational therapy. The literature was analysed by latent and manifest content analysis and comparative analysis. The findings were summarized in a model, framing PDO as the more objective and OB as the more subjective result from an interaction between personal preferences and environmental influences. The proposed model does not assume a cause–effect relationship between the targeted constructs, rather a mutual influence and a joint reaction to influencing factors. Indicators of PDO and OB were identified, as well as tools for assessing PDO and OB. The authors propose that discerning PDO and OB as separate but interacting phenomena may be useful in developing a theoretical discourse in occupational science and enhancing occupational therapy practice. Although the scope of this study was limited, the proposed view may hopefully inspire further scrutiny of constructs.
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| 6. |
- Gunnarsson, A. Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Arbetsterapi för personer med depression och ångest : En randomiserad kontrollerad studie av Tree Theme Method®
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tema: InterventionStadier i livet: VuxnaProjekttyp: ForskningsarbeteBakgrund: Vid depression och ångest försvåras förmåga att klara vardagens aktiviteter liksom att relatera till andra. Svårigheterna bidrar till höga sjukskrivningstal. Tree Theme Method® (TTM) är en arbetsterapeutisk metod som syftar till ökad förmåga att utveckla strategier och struktur i vardagens aktiviteter. TTM består av 5 sessioner och innebär att måla och berätta sin livsberättelse med fokus på vardagslivets aktiviteter samt skapa en bild av framtida mål. Fokus i tidigare studier avseende TTM har varit processutvärdering. Nu är det viktigt att utvärdera eventuella effekter av interventionen. I den här studien prövas TTM mot kontroll. Kontrollgruppen får annan arbetsterapeutisk behandling, dvs 5 sessioner om vardagens aktiviteter och psykiskt välmående i den aktuella situationen. Hypotesen är att interventionsgruppen får högre grad av struktur i vardagens aktiviteter och förbättrad psykisk hälsa jämfört med kontrollgruppen.Syfte: Undersöka effekter av TTM jämfört med kontrollgrupp avseende aktivitet, psykiska symtom och självskattad hälsa.Metod: Randomiserad multicenterstudie i primärvård och vuxenpsykiatri. Totalt 130 patienter inkluderas. Inklusion är fastställd depression och/eller ångest, 18-65 år samt aktivitetsproblem. Patienter lottas till TTM alternativt annan arbetsterapeutisk behandling. Deltagarna besvarar självskattningsformulär avseende vardagens aktiviteter, psykiska symtom samt självskattad hälsa. Detta sker före och direkt efter behandling samt 3 och 12 månader efter avslutad behandling. Icke-parametrisk statistisk analys kommer att användas.Resultat/preliminärt resultat: Hittills har 55 patienter inkluderats. I nuläget finns inga preliminära resultat. Presentation av baslinjemätningar sker vid arbetsterapiforum.Slutsats: Det är betydelsefullt att kunna erbjuda patienter med depression och ångest olika behandlingsmetoder. Den här studien kan bidra till högre grad av evidens för arbetsterapeutisk behandling.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Gunnarsson, Birgitta, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of depression and/or anxiety - outcomes of a randomised controlled trial of the tree theme method® versus regular occupational therapy
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2050-7283. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Depression and anxiety disorders are a major concern in western countries, and because these often have a negative affect on everyday life interventions based on activities in everyday life are needed. The Tree Theme Method® (TTM) is a client-centred occupational therapy intervention designed to increase the ability to cope with, and to enhance satisfaction with, everyday life, both at home and at work. The aim of this study was to compare the short term outcomes of the TTM intervention with regular occupational therapy treatment for people with depression and/or anxiety disorders. Methods: This randomised controlled trial included patients from three counties in Sweden. Men and women with depression and/or anxiety disorders, ages 18 to 65, were randomised to either TTM or regular occupational therapy. Assessment data were collected at baseline and the follow-up directly after completing the intervention. Non-parametric and parametric statistical methods were used. Results: The questionnaires were answered by 118 patients at baseline and by 107 patients after completing the intervention. No significant differences in short term outcomes were found between the groups. Both groups showed positive significant outcomes regarding almost all aspects of activities in everyday life, psychological symptoms, and health-related and intervention-related aspects. Conclusions: Despite the lack of differences between the groups, the positive outcomes regarding activities in everyday life, psychological symptoms, and health-related aspects after completing the intervention indicates the need for further research on the long-term perspective of TTM compared to regular occupational therapy.
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| 9. |
- Gyllensten, Kristina, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Older assistant nurses’ motivation for a full or extended working life
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ageing and Society. - 0144-686X .- 1469-1779. ; 39:12, s. 2699-2713
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore older workers’ motivation for a full or extended working life. With particular focus on assistant nurses aged 55–64 years, working in the elderly care sector. Focus group interviews were conducted with five different groups of assistant nurses. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the interviews and five main themes were developed from the data: ‘Organisational issues’, ‘Health-related problems’, ‘Private issues’, ‘Meaningfulness and appreciation’ and ‘Social support’. Several of the main themes concerned problems with too high work demands of the assistant nurses. These findings suggest that it is important to improve the working conditions of assistant nurses in order to create a more sustainable working life. Increasing the number of staff and improving recovery opportunities and work–life balance could be important steps to improving the working conditions for this group. Finally, upgrading the competency and professionalism of assistant nurses could help to increase the motivation for a full or extended working life.
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| 10. |
- Hadzibajramovic, Emina, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Affective stress responses during leisure time: Validity evaluation of a modified version of the Stress-Energy Questionnaire
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 43:8, s. 825-832
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Psychosocial stress at work is one of the most important factors behind increasing sick-leave rates. In addition to work stressors, it is important to account for non-work-related stressors when assessing stress responses. In this study, a modified version of the Stress-Energy Questionnaire (SEQ), the SEQ during leisure time (SEQ-LT) was introduced for assessing the affective stress response during leisure time. The aim of this study was to investigate the internal construct validity of the SEQ-LT. A second aim was to define the cut-off points for the scales, which could indicate high and low levels of leisure-time stress and energy, respectively. Methods: Internal construct validity of the SEQ-LT was evaluated using a Rasch analysis. We examined the unidimensionality and other psychometric properties of the scale by the fit to the Rasch model. A criterion-based approach was used for classification into high and low stress/energy levels. Results: The psychometric properties of the stress and energy scales of the SEQ-LT were satisfactory, having accommodated for local dependency. The cut-off point for low stress was proposed to be in the interval between 2.45 and 3.02 on the Rasch metric score; while for high stress, it was between 3.65 and 3.90. The suggested cut-off points for the low and high energy levels were values between 1.73-1.97 and 2.66-3.08, respectively. Conclusions: The stress and energy scale of the SEQ-LT satisfied the measurement criteria defined by the Rasch analysis and it provided a useful tool for non-work-related assessment of stress responses. We provide guidelines on how to interpret the scale values.
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