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- Bengtsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Lack of the Cysteine-Protease Inhibitor Cystatin C Promotes Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - 1524-4636. ; 25:10, s. 2151-2156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective - Degradation of extracellular matrix plays an important role in growth and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. Cystatin C, inhibitor of the collagen- and elastin-degrading cysteine proteases of the cathepsin family, is produced by virtually all cell types. It is present in the normal artery wall but severely reduced in human atherosclerotic lesions. Methods and Results - To determine the functional role of cystatin C in atherosclerosis, we crossed cystatin C - deficient ( cysC(-/-)) mice with apolipoprotein E - deficient ( apoE(-/-)) mice. After 25 weeks of atherogenic diet, mice lacking apoE and cystatin C (cysC(-/-) apoE(-/-)) had larger subvalvular plaques compared with cysC(+/+) apoE(-/-) mice (766 000 +/- 20 000 mu m(2) per section versus 662 000 +/- 19 000 mu m(2) per section; P = 0.001), suggesting an atheroprotective role of cystatin C. The plaques from cysC(-/-) apoE(-/-) mice were characterized by increased total macrophage content. To determine which cellular source is important for the antiatherosclerotic effect of cystatin C, we performed bone marrow transplantations. ApoE(-/-) mice were transplanted with either cysC(-/-) apoE(+/+) or cysC(+/+) apoE(-/-) bone marrow. No significant differences in plaque area, macrophage, collagen, or lipid content of subvalvular lesions between the 2 groups were detected. Conclusions - The result suggests that the protective role of cystatin C in atherosclerosis is dependent primarily on its expression in nonhematopoietic cell types.
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- Cremer, H, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrology and diatom phytoplankton of high arctic lakes and ponds on Store Koldewey, northeast Greenland
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Review of Hydrobiology. - : Wiley. - 1434-2944. ; 90:1, s. 84-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We document hydrological and phytoplankton characteristics of nine lakes and two ponds on Store Koldewey, a culturally undisturbed island off Northeast Greenland. The limnological survey included the recording of temperature, conductivity, oxygen concentration and saturation, pH, ionic composition, transparency, and the diatom phytoplankton community. In summer 2003, the lakes were cold, monomictic, thermally unstratified, alkaline and likely oligotrophic water bodies. Diatom phytoplankton was present in six lakes and consisted of four dominant species (Aulacoseira tethera, Cyclotella pseudostelligera, C rossii, and Fragilaria tenera). The concentration of planktonic diatoms varied distinctly between the lakes.
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- Edvardsson, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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When do adolescents become smokers?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 27, s. 41-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To follow the development of a class of pupils' tobacco habits for seven years, and to study differences in tobacco use between girls and boys. Setting. Kronoberg County in southern Sweden. Subjects. All the approximately 2000 pupils were followed from approximately age 12 to approximately age 18. Design. Yearly cross-sectional surveys from 1994 to 2000. Each year, the pupils filled in an established tobacco questionnaire. They did it anonymously in the classroom. Main outcome measures. Percentage of smokers, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and percentage of pupils using "snus", the Swedish variety of oral moist snuff. Results. From grade 6 of compulsory school to grade 12 of upper secondary school, the proportion of daily smokers rose, from 0.2% to 22% for girls and from 0.5% to 14% for boys. Among both genders, the increase occurred mainly between grades 7 and 10, and from grade 10 onwards the daily smokers were the largest group of smokers. Starting from grade 9, boys had higher total tobacco consumption than girls, as a result of their increased use of "snus", and at the end of the study 39% of the boys used tobacco compared with 34% of the girls. Conclusion. Studying young people's tobacco habits over time gives an understanding of when preventive measures should be implemented. In order for these to influence attitudes, they should be put in place well before tobacco is introduced.
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- Erlandsson, Lena-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Aspects of daily occupations that promote life balance among women in Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: Life balance. - Thorofare : Slack incorporated. - 9781556429064 ; , s. 115-130
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The book is a unique text that offers empirical research and theories to a concept not yet recognized in the scientific community. Dr Kathleen Matuska and Dr Charles Christiansen, joined by Dr Helene Polatajko and Dr Jane Davies proficiently address the various ways to conceptualize life balance as distinguishable among other positive state constructs. Resulting from an informed discussion among international scientists who gathered for a discussion on life balance, this text compiles conceptual commonalities, associations, and discrepancies affiliated with life balance research. This groundbreaking and forward-thinking text implements a multidisciplinary approach to learning about life balance with contributions from psychological, sociological, occupational, economical, leisure, and family studies.
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- Fjaertoft, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Cell surface expression of FcgammaRI (CD64) on neutrophils and monocytes in patients with influenza A, with and without complications
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 37:11-12, s. 882-889
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The expression of the Fcgamma-receptor I (FcgammaRI), CD64 on normal neutrophils is up-regulated during bacterial infections. CD64 is a promising diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of acute infections. The aim was to study surface expressions of CD64 on neutrophils and monocytes in patients with influenza A with and without complications and evaluate these as diagnostic tools in comparison with serum levels of HNL (human neutrophil lipocalin). CD64 expression on neutrophils and monocytes was evaluated by flow cytometry. HNL was assayed by a specific radioimmunoassay. 22 patients with influenza A with or without complications were included and the results compared with those of 29 patients with acute bacterial infections and 29 healthy subjects. Neutrophil expression of CD64 was increased in influenza A with raised proportion expressing CD64 in complicated compared to uncomplicated influenza. The expression was significantly higher in bacterial infections compared to both influenza groups. Serum levels of HNL were raised in all infection groups, but significantly more so in the group with bacterial infection. ROC-curve analysis showed that neutrophil expression of CD64 and the serum levels of HNL had similar diagnostic power in the discrimination between acute bacterial infections and influenza A. Monocyte expression of CD64 was raised in all infections with no differences between subgroups. We conclude that neutrophil expression of CD64 and serum levels of HNL are both promising assays in the distinction between infections caused by bacteria or influenza A, whereas CD64 could identify patients with complications of their influenza A infection.
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- Fjaertoft, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Neutrophil CD64 (FcgammaRI) expression is a specific marker of bacterial infection : A study on the kinetics and the impact of major surgery
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 39:6-7, s. 525-535
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neutrophil CD64 expression is a diagnostic marker for the early detection of bacterial infections. The aim was to investigate the kinetics of neutrophil CD64 expression during bacterial infection and the possible impact of surgical trauma. Blood samples were collected daily during 3 d after admission for analysis by flow cytometry of the surface expressions on neutrophils and monocytes of CD64, CD16, CD32, CD11b/CD18 and CD35, and analysis of serum CRP and blood WBC. Serum concentrations of IFNgamma, G-CSF, IL-6 and IL-8 were also analysed in adults. Eight children and 19 adult patients with bacterial infections, 12 patients admitted for hip-arthroplasty because of coxarthrosis and 30 healthy adults were studied. Neutrophil CD64 was increased all 3 d after start of treatment (p<0.0001) in children and adults with bacterial infections. The postoperative increase after surgery was less than the increase seen during bacterial infections (p<0.0001). CRP, G-CSF, IL-6 and IL-8 were raised both in bacterial infections and after surgery. Our results indicate that the expression of CD64 on neutrophils is a specific sign of bacterial infections. Neutrophil expression of CD64, therefore, seems to be a promising tool for the early detection of bacterial infections even during surgery.
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| 10. |
- Håkansson, Anita, 1949-
(författare)
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Lärares pedagogiska arbete inom den kommunala vuxenutbildningen
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this thesis is to find out the central, essential, and important issues concerning teaching adult students within the municipal adult education system in Sweden. In accordance with the used method, Grounded Theory, the research question runs as follows: What is the main concern of adult educators and how do they deal with it? Formal and informal conversations with and between adult educators, classroom observations and events occurring outside the classrooms were used as data. A constant comparative analysis of empirical data, supported by literature and results from previous research ended up in an empirical grounded theory. The main concern of the adult educators is the high degree of absence and the many dropouts among the students. To avoid this, a majority of the educators perform motivational work through pedagogical and social actions and try to find a balance between teaching and caring. A majority of the adult students, though, have needs that are of a socio-emotional kind; a caring dimension seems to prevail. So, the educational assignment becomes secondary to the social one, but the acts of caring are both of final and instrumental value. By teaching and caring, the adult educators try to help their students to lead a good life either at the moment or in the future, and to experience Quality of Life, the latter have to be motivated to attend school regularly. According to the andragogical principles, adults are responsible and motivated to learn by nature. However, this study shows that there is a distance between the ideal adult student and the actual one and that adult educators have to take on both the responsibility and motivational work. An informal theory, generated out of a basic set of values and an experienced-based knowledge that is vital to adult education, is thus put into educational practice.
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