| 1. |
- Andersson, Åke E., et al.
(author)
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Location and spatial clustering of artists
- 2014
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In: Regional Science and Urban Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-0462 .- 1879-2308. ; 47:1, s. 128-137
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Surveys of artists' location choices show that they disproportionately reside in large cities. This paper introduces a model that attempts to explain this urban preference. The model includes four factors: access to other artists; access to consumer demand; access to service jobs; and housing affordability. These four factors are combined in a spatial equilibrium model. An equilibrium spatial distribution of artists is derived from the model and is correlated with the actual distribution among Swedish municipalities. Subsequently, the model is used for an econometric estimation of factor effects. The results show that access to other artists and local access to service jobs are important localization factors. Educated labor used as a proxy for consumer demand has a significant effect on artists' location choices.
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| 2. |
- Daghbashyan, Zara, et al.
(author)
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Entrepreneurship among university graduates
- 2010
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In: 50th Anniversary of European Congress of the Regional Science Association Jönköping, Sweden, 19-23 August, 2010.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the paper is to shed light upon entrepreneurship among university graduates. We are interested in differences across educational areas and among universities regarding entrepreneurial selection and performance. The paper differs from similar studies in two respects. In order to broaden the common definitions used to measure entrepreneurship we suggest a typology making it possible to differentiate between various types of entrepreneurs. Secondly, we differentiate between both level of education, area of education and university of graduation. In order to capture some of the uncertainties related to the choice among our entrepreneurial categories we use individual time series income data.Using cross-section data on Swedish graduates we examine the impact of university on entrepreneurial choice and performance of graduates from 44 Swedish universities. A separate analysis is done for graduates of 5 education fields to control for heterogeneity of education. The results suggest that entrepreneurial preferences differ by education fields, that graduates of some universities are more entrepreneurial than others. We also find that the preferences for different entrepreneurial occupations differ across universities. As to the university effect on graduates’ earnings we find significant university effect for only a small group of universities, which differ by field of education and entrepreneurial category.
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| 3. |
- Daghbashyan, Zara, 1978-
(author)
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Essays on University Efficiency Analysis and Entrepreneurship among University Graduates
- 2013
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The thesis consists of five papers: three deal with the efficiency of higher education institutions (HEI) and two with entrepreneurship among university graduates. The efficiency of HEIs is analyzed at three different levels: units of one university, universities of one country and universities of a group of European countries.Using data envelopment analysis (DEA) the first paper compares technical efficiency among university units at the Royal Institute of Technology (Stockholm). An interesting result is that there seems to be a complementary relationship between efficiency of resource utilization in teaching and in research.The second paper applies stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to estimate the cost efficiency of Swedish higher education institutions. According to the estimates, half of the Swedish HEIs have an above average efficiency of 85 percent. The efficiency differences are mainly influenced by the source of funding, HEI size, the number of students per faculty as well as faculty and student compositions.The third paper analyses the cost efficiency of universities among a set of public higher education institutions from six European countries by means of stochastic frontier techniques. The results suggest small variation in the mean economic efficiency of higher education institutions from UK, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Switzerland, implying that the efficiency differences are not explained by country effects. Instead the variations in efficiency are related to organizational differences.The two essays on entrepreneurship among university graduates are based on a unique dataset encompassing individual level data on all employees registered in the Swedish labor market. The first paper explores the differences in entrepreneurial choice of graduates from different universities. The main finding from this paper is that the entrepreneurial choice of graduates from internationally ranked Swedish universities systematically differs from others with the difference varying by the area of education.The second paper on entrepreneurship aims at explaining the high interest in entrepreneurship among arts graduates and finds that the need for self-expression is among the main motivations for their high interest in entrepreneurship.
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| 4. |
- Daghbashyan, Zara, et al.
(author)
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University choice and entrepreneurship
- 2014
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In: Small Business Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 42:4, s. 729-746
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper aims at shedding light upon the impact of universities on graduates' entrepreneurial choice. Previous studies analyze the relationship between the choice of university and labor market success of graduates in terms of their subsequent wages, employability or over-education, whereas the possible link between the choice of university and entrepreneurial choice is neglected. Using 1998-2008 data on graduates from Swedish higher education institutions, the paper finds significant variation in the impact of universities on the career choice of graduates. The results suggest that graduates with degrees in the social sciences, natural sciences, medicine and teacher education from more prestigious universities systematically differ from others in their entrepreneurial choice. At the same time, no statistically significant difference is found for technical science graduates.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Hansen, Malin, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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På god väg? : Regional samverkan i processen för RUFS 2010
- 2010
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- På god väg? är resultatet av ett uppdrag att utifrån ett processorienterat forskningsperspektiv följa framtagandet av Stockholms läns landstings nya regionala utvecklingsplan för Stockholmsregionen, RUFS 2010. Forskningen visar bland annat att det finns ett behov av mer koordinerade planeringsprocesser för att främja ökad länsöverskridande samverkan. Många uppfattar det som en extra kvalitet om man skulle kunna samordna utredningar och bistå varandra med underlag och statistik.Tillgänglighet är ett nyckelbegrepp i den regionala utvecklingsplaneringen och en god tillgänglighet ses av många som en förutsättning för att kunna ta till vara den funktionella Stockholmsregionens potential. Som ett led i detta understryks behovet av att staten utvecklar en särskild storstadspolitik.Den dialogorienterade processen, som präglat arbetet med RUFS 2010, uppfattas av många som positiv, och många är övertygade om att detta kan gynna genomförandet av planen. Arbetssättet kan dock utvecklas ytterligare.Det finns enligt vår uppfattning ett stort behov av att systematiskt följa och kritiskt granska offentligt initierade och styrda planeringsprocesser med den omfattning som exemplifieras av regionplaneringen i Stockholm. Detta både för att ge underlag för bredare diskussion om behovet av planering och utformning av bakomliggande arbete, och för att ge underlag för utveckling av framtida planeringsarbete.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Hårsman, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Entrepreneurship and Arts Related Education
- 2012
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In: EDULEARN12. - : IATED. - 9788469534915 ; , s. 6244-6255
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to shed light upon entrepreneurship among university graduates having different kinds of arts related education. After demonstrating large differences concerning entrepreneurship rates, an occupational choice model is outlined. The choice set includes three options: wage employment, owning and combining the two. The utility function governing the choice includes income as well as an indicator of the tension between the skills required and the skills supplied implying that an alternative providing a better match might be preferred to one providing a higher income. Using Swedish data we show that arts educated are more interested in using their special skills than earning high income.
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| 9. |
- Hårsman, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Entrepreneurship and Arts Related Education
- 2012
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to shed light upon entrepreneurship among university graduates having different kinds of arts related education. After demonstrating the large differences between the nine groups concerning entrepreneurship rates, a dynamic model for occupational choice is outlined. The choice is assumed to be governed by the related demand and income and by the match between the skills required and the skills supplied implying that an alternative providing a better match might be preferred to one providing a higher income. Using data for Swedish graduates we show that the probability of becoming entrepreneur is strongly influenced by the area of education. We further show that compared to engineers artists are more interested in using their special skills and ready to “sacrifice” higher income against the possibility to express their talent.
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| 10. |
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