| 1. |
- Timpka, Toomas, et al.
(författare)
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Predictive performance of telenursing complaints in influenza surveillance : a prospective cohort study in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Eurosurveillance. - 1025-496X .- 1560-7917. ; 19:46, s. 20966-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Syndromic data sources have been sought to improve the timely detection of increased influenza transmission. This study set out to examine the prospective performance of telenursing chief complaints in predicting influenza activity. Data from two influenza seasons (2007/08 and 2008/09) were collected in a Swedish county (population 427,000) to retrospectively determine which grouping of telenursing chief complaints had the largest correlation with influenza case rates. This grouping was prospectively evaluated in the three subsequent seasons. The best performing telenursing complaint grouping in the retrospective algorithm calibration was fever (child, adult) and syncope (r=0.66; p<0.001). In the prospective evaluation, the performance of 14-day predictions was acceptable for the part of the evaluation period including the 2009 influenza pandemic (area under the curve (AUC)=0.84; positive predictive value (PPV)=0.58), while it was strong (AUC=0.89; PPV=0.93) for the remaining evaluation period including only influenza winter seasons. We recommend the use of telenursing complaints for predicting winter influenza seasons. The method requires adjustments when used during pandemics.
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| 2. |
- Veldhuis Kroeze, Edwin J. B., et al.
(författare)
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Consecutive CT in vivo lung imaging as quantitative parameter of influenza vaccine efficacy in the ferret model
- 2012
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 30:51, s. 7391-7394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preclinical vaccine efficacy studies are generally limited to certain read out parameters such as assessment of virus titers in swabs and organs, clinical signs, serum antibody titers, and pathological changes. These parameters are not always routinely applied and not always scheduled in a logical standardized way. We used computed tomography (CT) imaging as additional and novel read out parameter in a vaccine efficacy study by quantifying alterations in aerated lung volumes in ferrets challenged with the 2009 pandemic A/H1N1 influenza virus.Vaccination protected from marked variations in aerated lung volumes compared to naive controls. The vaccinated group showed a daily gradual mean reduction with a maximum of 7.8%, whereas the controls showed a maximum of 14.3% reduction. The pulmonary opacities evident on CT images were most pronounced in the placebo-treated controls, and corresponded to significantly increased relative lung weights at necropsy.This study shows that consecutive in vivo CT imaging allows for a day to day read out of vaccine efficacy by quantification of altered aerated lung volumes.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Susanne E, et al.
(författare)
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NK Cell Function and Antibodies Mediating ADCC in HIV-1-Infected Viremic and Controller Patients
- 2011
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Ingår i: Viral immunology. - : Mary Ann Liebert. - 0882-8245 .- 1557-8976. ; 24:5, s. 359-368
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural killer (NK) cells have been suggested to play a protective role in HIV disease progression. One potent effector mechanism of NK cells is antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by antiviral antibodies binding to the Fc gamma RIIIa receptor (CD16) on NK cells. We investigated NK cell-mediated ADCC function and the presence of ADCC antibodies in plasma from 20 HIV-1-infected patients and 10 healthy donors. The HIV-positive patients were divided into two groups: six who controlled viremia for at least 8 y without treatment (controllers), and 14 who were persistently viremic and not currently on treatment. Plasma from both patient groups induced NK cell IFN-gamma expression and degranulation in response to HIV-1 envelope (Env) gp140-protein-coated cells. Patient antibodies mediating ADCC were largely directed towards the Env V3 loop, as identified by a gp140 protein lacking the V3 loop. Interestingly, in two controllers ADCC-mediating antibodies were more broadly directed to other parts of Env. A high viral load in patients correlated with decreased ADCC-mediated cytolysis of gp140-protein-coated target cells. NK cells from both infected patients and healthy donors degranulated efficiently in the presence of antibody-coated HIV-1-infected Jurkat cells. In conclusion, the character of ADCC-mediating antibodies differed in some controllers compared to viremic patients. NK cell ADCC activity is not compromised in HIV-infected patients.
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| 4. |
- Maltais, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Intranasally administered Endocine™ formulated 2009 pandemic influenza H1N1 vaccine induces broad specific antibody responses and confers protection in ferrets
- 2014
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 32:26, s. 3307-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Influenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by an influenza virus. Due to continuous antigenic drift of seasonal influenza viruses, influenza vaccines need to be adjusted before every influenza season. This allows annual vaccination with multivalent seasonal influenza vaccines, recommended especially for high-risk groups. There is a need for a seasonal influenza vaccine that induces broader and longer lasting protection upon easy administration. Endocine™ is a lipid-based mucosal adjuvant composed of endogenous lipids found ubiquitously in the human body. Intranasal administration of influenza antigens mixed with this adjuvant has been shown to induce local and systemic immunity as well as protective efficacy against homologous influenza virus challenge in mice. Here we used ferrets, an established animal model for human influenza virus infections, to further investigate the potential of Endocine™ as an adjuvant. Intranasal administration of inactivated pandemic H1N1/California/2009 split antigen or whole virus antigen mixed with Endocine™ induced high levels of serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and virus neutralization (VN) antibody titers that were also cross reactive against distant swine viruses of the same subtype. HI and VN antibody titers were already demonstrated after a single nasal immunization. Upon intratracheal challenge with a homologous challenge virus (influenza virus H1N1/The Netherlands/602/2009) immunized ferrets were fully protected from virus replication in the lungs and largely protected against body weight loss, virus replication in the upper respiratory tract and pathological changes in the respiratory tract. Endocine™ formulated vaccines containing split antigen induced higher HI and VN antibody responses and better protection from body weight loss and virus shedding in the upper respiratory tract than the Endocine™ formulated vaccine containing whole virus antigen.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Jespers, Vicky, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of mucosal immunity to HIV-1.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Expert review of vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-8395 .- 1476-0584. ; 9:4, s. 381-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key gap in the development and evaluation of HIV-1 vaccines is insufficient knowledge with regard to sampling techniques and assessment of mucosal immune responses required for early prevention and inhibition of viral dissemination. In an attempt to start bridging this gap, the EUROPRISE network of scientists working on HIV-1 vaccine and microbicide research organized a workshop with the aim to review the types of mucosal responses/biomarkers currently measured in mucosal immunology and to define how the mucosal responses/biomarkers are measured and/or the assays and sampling methods used. The Workshop addressed two critical questions: first whether, with current knowledge, it would be possible to define a consensus set of mucosal sampling methods to facilitate cross-species comparisons and ensure standardized implementation in clinical trials; second to determine the remaining challenges (technical and logistical) and their possible solutions for assessing mucosal responses to HIV-1 vaccines.
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| 7. |
- Jespers, Vicky, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of mucosal immunity to HIV-1
- 2010
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Ingår i: EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES. - : Expert Reviews. - 1476-0584 .- 1744-8395. ; 9:4, s. 381-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key gap in the development and evaluation of HIV-1 vaccines is insufficient knowledge with regard to sampling techniques and assessment of mucosal immune responses required for early prevention and inhibition of viral dissemination. In an attempt to start bridging this gap, the EUROPRISE network of scientists working on HIV-1 vaccine and microbicide research organized a workshop with the aim to review the types of mucosal responses/biomarkers currently measured in mucosal immunology and to define how the mucosal responses/biomarkers are measured and/or the assays and sampling methods used. The Workshop addressed two critical questions: first whether, with current knowledge, it would be possible to define a consensus set of mucosal sampling methods to facilitate cross-species comparisons and ensure standardized implementation in clinical trials; second to determine the remaining challenges (technical and logistical) and their possible solutions for assessing mucosal responses to HIV-1 vaccines.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Timpka, Toomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Predictive performance of telenursing complaints in influenza surveillance: a prospective cohort study in Sweden
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Eurosurveillance. - : EUR CENTRE DIS PREVENTION and CONTROL. - 1025-496X .- 1560-7917. ; 19:46, s. 24-32
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Syndromic data sources have been sought to improve the timely detection of increased influenza transmission. This study set out to examine the prospective performance of telenursing chief complaints in predicting influenza activity. Data from two influenza seasons (2007/08 and 2008/09) were collected in a Swedish county (population 427,000) to retrospectively determine which grouping of telenursing chief complaints had the largest correlation with influenza case rates. This grouping was prospectively evaluated in the three subsequent seasons. The best performing telenursing complaint grouping in the retrospective algorithm calibration was fever (child, adult) and syncope (r=0.66; pless than0.001). In the prospective evaluation, the performance of 14-day predictions was acceptable for the part of the evaluation period including the 2009 influenza pandemic (area under the curve (AUC)=0.84; positive predictive value (PPV)=0.58), while it was strong (AUC=0.89; PPV=0.93) for the remaining evaluation period including only influenza winter seasons. We recommend the use of telenursing complaints for predicting winter influenza seasons. The method requires adjustments when used during pandemics.
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| 10. |
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