| 1. |
- Haglund, B, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal studies on environmental factors and disease : A model for analysis of ethical conflicts
- 1991
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine. - 0300-8037. ; 19:2, s. 81-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of individual-based data in research has recently come in for much discussion. The basic issue of the discussion is how to balance between different legitimate interests: the interest in improving knowledge on matters important to human health and the interest in respecting individual autonomy. In this paper we will use a model for description and analysis of ethical conflicts in individual-based research. The model consists of two dimensions: the first specifies the persons involved in the conflict, the second specifies the relevant ethical principles. We have chosen the case of the Rönnskär study as an example. For illustration we distinguish between: no study, a study without informed consent and a study with informed consent. In the Rönnskär study the decision between the three situations rests upon an assessment of the conflict between two obligations: to improve the working environment and to respect autonomy.
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| 2. |
- Westrin, C G, et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiology and moral philosophy
- 1992
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Ethics. - 0306-6800 .- 1473-4257. ; 18:4, s. 193-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To an increasing extent ethical controversies affect and sometimes obstruct public health work and epidemiological research. In order to improve communication between the concerned parties a model for identification and analysis of ethical conflicts in individual-based research has been worked out in co-operation between epidemiologists and moral philosophers. The model has two dimensions. One dimension specifies relevant ethical principles (as beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice). The other dimension specifies the groups of persons involved in the conflict under consideration (for example: the study-population, individuals who may benefit from the results, the researchers and their personnel, the community at large). The model has been applied to the problem of legitimacy of case-register research and to problems in psychiatric health services research as well as epidemiological research.
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| 3. |
- Wollert, S, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of CD18-dependent adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes does not affect liver oxygen consumption in fecal peritonitis in pigs.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Circulatory shock. - 0092-6213. ; 41:4, s. 230-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We tested the hypothesis that circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), adhering to endothelium of the liver vascular bed are involved in the alterations of the liver oxygen delivery (DO2) and consumption (VO2) that is a result of fecal peritonitis in pigs. Twenty-two pigs were divided into three groups. Animals in group I (n = 7) served as controls. Fecal peritonitis was induced in groups II (n = 7) and III (n = 8). Animals in group III were pretreated with IB4, a monoclonal anti-CD18 antibody inhibiting adherence of PMNs to the endothelium. Peritonitis increased liver VO2 in groups II and III in spite of decreased liver DO2. In group I, circulating PMNs increased during the experimental period. Sepsis caused a decrease in the number of circulating PMNs in group II, an effect that was fully counteracted in group III, where the number of PMNs rose to control level. Myeloperoxidase activity and morphometric determination of PMN infiltration in liver biopsies virtually paralleled the circulating PMN count. Although fecal peritonitis is followed by a CD18-dependent leukopenia that can be counteracted by pretreatment with an anti-CD18 antibodies, this treatment does not affect the alteration in liver VO2 and DO2 observed.
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