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- Bradley, E. L., et al.
(författare)
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The BIOSAFEPAPER project for in vitro toxicity assessments : Preparation, detailed chemical characterisation and testing of extracts from paper and board samples
- 2008
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Ingår i: Food and Chemical Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6915 .- 1873-6351. ; 46:7, s. 2498-2509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nineteen food contact papers and boards and one non-food contact board were extracted following test protocols developed within European Union funded project BIOSAFEPAPER. The extraction media were either hot or cold water, 95% ethanol or Tenax, according to the end use of the sample. The extractable dry matter content of the samples varied from 1200 to 11,800 mg/kg (0.8-35.5 mg/dm2). According to GC-MS the main substances extracted into water were pulp-derived natural products such as fatty acids, resin acids, natural wood sterols and alkanols. Substances extracted into ethanol particularly, were diisopropylnaphthalenes, alkanes and phthalic acid esters. The non-food contact board showed the greatest number and highest concentrations of GC-MS detectable compounds. The extracts were subjected to a battery of in vitro toxicity tests measuring both acute and sublethal cytotoxicity and genotoxic effects. None of the water or Tenax extracts was positive in cytotoxicity or genotoxicity assays. The ethanol extract of the non-food contact board gave a positive response in the genotoxicity assays, and all four ethanol extracts gave positive response(s) in the cytotoxicity assays to some extent. These responses could not be pinpointed to any specific compound, although there appeared a correlation between the total amount of extractables and toxicity.
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| 3. |
- Turunen, Markku, et al.
(författare)
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Multimodal agent interfaces and system architectures for health and fitness companions
- 2008. - 2
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Multimodal conversational spoken dialogues using physical and virtual agents provide a potential interface to motivate and support users in the domain of health and fitness. In this paper we present how such multimodal conversational Companions can be implemented to support their owners in various pervasive and mobile settings. In particular, we focus on different forms of multimodality and system architectures for such interfaces.
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| 4. |
- Virtanen, S. M., et al.
(författare)
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Age at introduction of new foods and advanced beta cell autoimmunity in young children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes
- 2006
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Hlth Promot & Chron Dis Prevent, Helsinki 00300, Finland. Tampere Univ, Tampere Sch Publ Hlth, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. Tampere Univ Hosp, Res Unit, Tampere, Finland. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Med Stat Unit, London WC1, England. Finnish Canc Registry, Helsinki, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Dept Publ Hlth, Helsinki, Finland. : SPRINGER. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 49:7, s. 1512-1521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis: Evidence for the role of infant feeding in the development of beta cell autoimmunity is inconsistent. We set out to study the effects of breastfeeding and of age at introduction of supplementary foods on the development of beta cell autoimmunity. Subjects and methods: A prospective birth cohort of 3,565 infants with HLA-DQB1-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes was recruited between 1996 and 2001 from two university hospital areas in Finland. Blood samples were collected at 3- to 12-month intervals to measure antibodies against islet cells, insulin, glutamate dehydroxylase and islet antigen 2. The families kept a record on the age at introduction of new foods, and for each visit completed a structured dietary questionnaire. The endpoint was repeated positivity for islet cell antibodies together with at least one of the other three antibodies. Results: The overall or exclusive duration of breastfeeding was not associated with the risk of developing the endpoint. An early age at introduction of fruits and berries (<= 4 months) was related to increased risk of developing positivity for the endpoint (hazard ratio [95% CI] for earliest tertile 2.02 [1.03-3.95] and for midtertile 1.97 [1.06-3.64] compared with latest tertile > 4 months). Also, introducing roots between 3 and 3.9 months (midtertile) was related to increased risk of the endpoint (hazard ratio [95% CI] for the earliest tertile 1.04 [0.57-1.90] and for midtertile 1.82 [1.19-2.79] compared with latest tertile). These associations were independent of several putative socio-demographic and perinatal confounding factors. Conclusions/interpretation: Our findings suggest that an early age at introduction of fruits and berries and roots associates independently with beta cell autoimmunity, contradicting earlier findings from smaller birth cohort studies.
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