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- Egnell, Robert, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Contextualising international state-building
- 2010
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Ingår i: Conflict, Security and Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1467-8802 .- 1478-1174. ; 10:4, s. 431-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Haldén, Peter, 1977-
(författare)
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A Call for Hermeneutical Perspectives on Climate Change and Conflict : The Case of Ethiopia and Eritrea
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of International Relations and Development. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1408-6980 .- 1581-1980. ; 15:1, s. 1-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on climate change and conflict has been conducted in ways that may lead us to overlook risks of conflicts and miss opportunities to prevent them. In response, this article formulates an analytical framework based on hermeneutical perspectives on social action.The main argument is that climate factors are not the main drivers of conflict under conditions of climate change. Instead, the main mechanisms are how actors interpret their historical experiences and roles as guides for future actions and how international structures shape the scope of action in a constitutive fashion.Previous research has tended to construct the past as an objective assemblage of occurrences. However, the past can never be an ‘objective’ series of events and causal connections. Actors always interpret the past and construct it as meaning-laden history. History, in turn, is fundamentally ambiguous; it can be constructed as a story that has to be continued or one that needs to be broken with. An analysis of the relation between Ethiopia and Eritrea illustrates the theoretical framework. It concludes that despite their past enmity, there is no imminent risk of conflict in connection with climate change but strong reasons for both actors to maintain status quo.
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| 3. |
- Haldén, Peter, 1977-
(författare)
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A non-sovereign modernity : Attempts to engineer stability in the Balkans 1820-1890
- 2013
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Ingår i: Review of International Studies. - 0260-2105 .- 1469-9044. ; 39:2, s. 337-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social theory almost invariably equates modernity with the sovereign state. This equation must be nuanced because the modern era and modern strategies of international stability have contained non-sovereign units. In the nineteenth century, the Great Powers tried to create international stability by engineering forms of rule in Europe. These strategies built on distinctively modern ideas: the possibility of radically breaking with the past, redesigning political organisations, and actively controlling political events through rational planning. Throughout the century the Great Powers alternated between creating non-sovereign units and creating sovereign units as instruments in these stabilising strategies. The degree of trust between the Great Powers accounts for the shift between the two strategies: they tended to create non-sovereign units when mutual trust was high and sovereign ones when trust was low. This article analyses Great Power strategies of designing forms of rule in the Balkans between 1820 and 1878. Like in previous centuries, nineteenth-century Europe actually consisted of two parallel but connected systems: the egalitarian system of sovereign states and a system of non-sovereign entities. Non-sovereign units disappeared only late in the century and this process was affected by the increasing rivalry and mistrust between the sovereign states.
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| 8. |
- Haldén, Peter, 1977-
(författare)
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Republican continuities in the Vienna Order and the German Confederation (1815-66)
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of International Relations. - : Sage Publications. - 1354-0661 .- 1460-3713. ; 19:2, s. 281-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article argues that the German Confederation — deutscher Bund — (1815–66) was a form of rule built on early modern republican political theory. It was a ‘Compound Republic’ form of rule constructed to prevent the emergence of a system of sovereign German states as well as a single sovereign German state. Its purpose was maintaining peace and stability in Europe and safeguarding the autonomy of its member polities. Contemporary statesmen, intellectuals and scholars saw these purposes as complementary. A non-sovereign, polycentric and republican organization of the German lands was regarded as a natural and necessary component in a stable Europe free from war and revolutions. This article analyses the origins, institutions and policies of the German Confederation, with particular regard to how the means of organized violence were organized. It thereby demonstrates the implementation of republican ideas and purposes in the Bund. The article situates the Bund in 19th-century thinking about European stability and sovereignty, further demonstrating the prevalence of republican ideas on international order. Republican political theories and institutions differed sharply from modern theories and models of international relations. Consequently, the history of international politics, the European system of states and state-formation must be re-conceptualized more in line with historical realities. Keywords
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| 9. |
- Haldén, Peter, 1977-
(författare)
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Stability without Statehood : Lessons from Europe's History before the Sovereign State
- 2011
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The way the sovereign state is taken for granted in political theory prevents an explanation of historical and contemporary organizations and phenomena different from this ideal type. Peter Haldén bypasses the state and the problems it causes by constructing an understanding of politics and a research model based on classical and early modern republican political theory. This enables historical analysis without anachronism and a new interpretation of the European Union. By comparing the EU with the Holy Roman Empire (1648-1763) and the antebellum United States (1776-1865), he explains that the EU's international weakness is a result of its strength as a security system that stabilizes Europe. He argues that continued American support and embedding in NATO is necessary in order for the EU to act on the world stage and to stabilize Europe in the long run. Through these theoretical innovations, he explores alternatives to state-building in the Third World.
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| 10. |
- Haldén, Peter, 1977-
(författare)
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Systems-building before state-building : On the systemic preconditions of state-building
- 2010
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Ingår i: Conflict, Security and Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1467-8802 .- 1478-1174. ; 10:4, s. 519-545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- State failure is often seen as due to endogenous factors, rather than systemic ones; correspondingly, the idea that states can be built by supporting internal processes and institutions alone is prevalent in policy documents and in some of the literature on state-building. This paper calls both assumptions into question. I demonstrate that three factors were important external preconditions of historical state formation: (1) effective states and sustainable regional security, which is expressed on an inter-state as well as a sub-state level, requires a region- wide creation of effective structures of state; (2) effective states and effective inter-state security require well-functioning states systems; (3) effective states require regional acceptance of the process of state-building. Analysing three contemporary countries and regions, Somalia/the Horn of Africa, Afghanistan/Central Asia and Namibia/ south-western Africa, the article concludes that state-building is substantially facilitated where these three contextual factors are in place. The absence of these external factors in the regions where Afghanistan and Somalia are located illuminate the depth of the problems facing these countries. In these cases regional structures are preconditions of state- building.
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