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- Larsson, Tore J, et al.
(författare)
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New technologies and work : Pulverization of risk - privatization of trauma?
- 2002
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Ingår i: Changing regulation. - Oxford : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 978008044 1269 ; , s. 15-30
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synopsis Safety regulation is society's way of keeping the genie of technology in the bottle, whilst still exploiting its power for creating wealth and change. It is a difficult compromise to make. Regulators often have a thankless task. If all seems to go well they are painted as too repressive and anti-technological; if disaster strikes, the searchlight of media attention increasingly focuses on them, looking for lax enforcement, blind eyes being turned and cosy relations with the regulated. This title explores the dilemmas of the regulator through case studies presented by the regulators themselves and through research-based analyses from different disciplines of the workings of the regulators and the regulatory system. More importantly it surveys the tools available to resolve the dilemmas and asks what we know about their successes and shortcomings and what can be learned over the boundaries of industries and technologies about the principles of successful safety regulation. Chapters are written by authors from seven countries, with an international perspective. They examine the role of certification, safety cases, strictly enforced detailed rules, professional regulation and self-regulation. The text covers new risks such as those from medical devices and biotechnology, as well as the well-known fields of nuclear power, chemical plants, mining, oil and gas production, railways and the traditionally difficult area of small companies.
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- Hale, G, et al.
(författare)
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Blood concentrations of alemtuzumab and antiglobulin responses in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia following intravenous or subcutaneous routes of administration
- 2004
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 104:4, s. 948-955
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alemtuzumab is a humanized anti-CD52 antibody licensed for refractory B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), when given intravenously at 30 mg thrice weekly. However, the intravenous route is associated with infusion-related reactions and is inconvenient. We measured blood concentrations in 30 relapsed patients treated with intravenous alemtuzumab and in 20 patients from a previously untreated group who received similar doses subcutaneously. Highest trough samples in the intravenous group were less than 0.5 μg/mL to 18.3 μg/mL (mean 5.4 μg/mL). The cumulative dose required to reach 1.0 μg/mL was 13 mg to 316 mg (mean 90 mg). Higher blood concentrations correlated with the achievement of better clinical responses and minimal residual disease. The highest measured concentrations in the subcutaneous group were similar (0.6 μg/mL to 24.8 μg/mL, mean 5.4 μg/mL). However, the cumulative dose to reach 1.0 μg/mL was higher: 146 mg to 1106 mg (mean 551 mg). No antiglobulin responses were detected in 30 patients given intravenous alemtuzumab whereas 2 of 32 patients given subcutaneous alemtuzumab made substantial anti-idiotype responses. Thus, subcutaneous alemtuzumab achieved concentrations similar to those for intravenous alemtuzumab, although with slightly higher cumulative doses. Subcutaneous alemtuzumab is more convenient and better tolerated but may be associated with some patients forming anti–alemtuzumab antibodies, particularly those patients who were previously untreated.
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- Olsson, Richard T., et al.
(författare)
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Acceleration of the cationic polymerization of an epoxy with hexanediol
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry (Print). - 1388-6150 .- 1588-2926. ; 76:2, s. 367-377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin films of 3,4-epoxycyclohexyhnethyl 3',4'-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate were UV irradiated (1.1 J cm(-2)) under isothermal conditions ranging from 0 to 50degreesC. Under these conditions the polymerization advanced quickly but only to a conversion level of less than 10% before the reaction rate slowed by more than an order of magnitude. This drop off in rate was not caused by the glass transition temperature, T-g, reaching or exceeding the reaction temperature, T-rxn, since the epoxide's T-g remained at least 40degreesC below T-rxn. Raising the sample temperature above 60degreesC caused a sharp increase in the conversion level. At 100degreesC conversion exceeds 80% and the ultimate T-g approaches 190degreesC. The addition of 10 mass% 1,6-hexanediol, HD, to the epoxy caused the conversion at room temperature to quintuple over the level obtained without the alcohol present. The heat liberated from this alcohol epoxy blend during cure on a UV conveyor belt system caused the sample's temperature to increase by about 100degreesC above ambient whereas the epoxy alone under these conditions only experienced a modest temperature rise of about 26degreesC. If the amount of HD in the blend is increased above 10% the heat of reaction at 23degreesC decreases due to HD being trapped in a nonreactive crystalline phase. Boosting reaction temperatures above 50degreesC melts the HD crystals and yields significantly improved conversion ratios. As the level of alcohol blended with the epoxy is raised its ultimate T-g is lowered and when the concentration of alcohol in the blend nears 30 mass% T-g drops below room temperature.
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