| 1. |
- Hall, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Framtidsscenarier
- 2015
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Ingår i: Klimatsäkrat Skåne. - 9789198157741 ; , s. 221-228
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I detta kapitel skisseras fyra möjliga framtider. Oavsett scenario krävs i Skåne både utsläppsminskningsåtgärder och anpassningsåtgärder. I närtid skiljer sig inte behovet av anpassnings- åtgärder åt mellan de olika scenarierna.Kostnaden för klimatsäkring kan skilja sig åt, till exempel beroende på hur väl integrerade utsläppsminskningsåtgärderna är med andra beslut och utveckling, och hur väl man lyckas finna och arbeta med positiva synergier. Detta kan även ge återverkningar på samhällets möjligheter till klimatanpassning.Vägen mot en tvågradersvärld kännetecknas i Skåne av ett utsläppsminskningsarbete som är väl integrerat med fysisk planering och infrastruktursatsningar, som sker i vertikal och horisontell samverkan, och som stärks av investering i teknikutveckling och innovationer drivnaav eller i samverkan med näringslivet, samt av en normförskjutning hos individer mot ökat engagemang för ett klimatsäkrat samhälle.Även i en fyragradersvärld strävar Skåne mot att uppnå sina klimatmål, men arbetet försvåras och fördyras av bristande internationell samordning och regelverk, och risken för koldioxidläckage är stor. Stora krav ställs på inhemsk teknikutveckling, och på individers engagemang.I en fyragradersvärld är behovet av klimatanpassning mycket stort. Effekter märks på bland annat infrastruktur och ekosystem i Skåne, och effekter ute i världen ger ökande klyftor mellan grupper och regioner, bland annat på grund av återverkningar på livsmedelssäkerheten. Stora kostnader för klimatanpassning riskerar även inom Skåne att skapa ökad ojämlikhet mellan resurssvaga och resursstarka kommuner, företag och individer.
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| 2. |
- Dork, T, et al.
(författare)
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Two truncating variants in FANCC and breast cancer risk
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9:1, s. 12524-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder with 22 disease-causing genes reported to date. In some FA genes, monoallelic mutations have been found to be associated with breast cancer risk, while the risk associations of others remain unknown. The gene for FA type C, FANCC, has been proposed as a breast cancer susceptibility gene based on epidemiological and sequencing studies. We used the Oncoarray project to genotype two truncating FANCC variants (p.R185X and p.R548X) in 64,760 breast cancer cases and 49,793 controls of European descent. FANCC mutations were observed in 25 cases (14 with p.R185X, 11 with p.R548X) and 26 controls (18 with p.R185X, 8 with p.R548X). There was no evidence of an association with the risk of breast cancer, neither overall (odds ratio 0.77, 95%CI 0.44–1.33, p = 0.4) nor by histology, hormone receptor status, age or family history. We conclude that the breast cancer risk association of these two FANCC variants, if any, is much smaller than for BRCA1, BRCA2 or PALB2 mutations. If this applies to all truncating variants in FANCC it would suggest there are differences between FA genes in their roles on breast cancer risk and demonstrates the merit of large consortia for clarifying risk associations of rare variants.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ferreira, MA, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association and transcriptome studies identify target genes and risk loci for breast cancer
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 1741-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 170 breast cancer susceptibility loci. Here we hypothesize that some risk-associated variants might act in non-breast tissues, specifically adipose tissue and immune cells from blood and spleen. Using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) reported in these tissues, we identify 26 previously unreported, likely target genes of overall breast cancer risk variants, and 17 for estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer, several with a known immune function. We determine the directional effect of gene expression on disease risk measured based on single and multiple eQTL. In addition, using a gene-based test of association that considers eQTL from multiple tissues, we identify seven (and four) regions with variants associated with overall (and ER-negative) breast cancer risk, which were not reported in previous GWAS. Further investigation of the function of the implicated genes in breast and immune cells may provide insights into the etiology of breast cancer.
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| 5. |
- Figlioli, G, et al.
(författare)
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The FANCM:p.Arg658* truncating variant is associated with risk of triple-negative breast cancer
- 2019
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Ingår i: NPJ breast cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2374-4677. ; 5, s. 38-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breast cancer is a common disease partially caused by genetic risk factors. Germline pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and CHEK2 are associated with breast cancer risk. FANCM, which encodes for a DNA translocase, has been proposed as a breast cancer predisposition gene, with greater effects for the ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. We tested the three recurrent protein-truncating variants FANCM:p.Arg658*, p.Gln1701*, and p.Arg1931* for association with breast cancer risk in 67,112 cases, 53,766 controls, and 26,662 carriers of pathogenic variants of BRCA1 or BRCA2. These three variants were also studied functionally by measuring survival and chromosome fragility in FANCM−/− patient-derived immortalized fibroblasts treated with diepoxybutane or olaparib. We observed that FANCM:p.Arg658* was associated with increased risk of ER-negative disease and TNBC (OR = 2.44, P = 0.034 and OR = 3.79; P = 0.009, respectively). In a country-restricted analysis, we confirmed the associations detected for FANCM:p.Arg658* and found that also FANCM:p.Arg1931* was associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk (OR = 1.96; P = 0.006). The functional results indicated that all three variants were deleterious affecting cell survival and chromosome stability with FANCM:p.Arg658* causing more severe phenotypes. In conclusion, we confirmed that the two rare FANCM deleterious variants p.Arg658* and p.Arg1931* are risk factors for ER-negative and TNBC subtypes. Overall our data suggest that the effect of truncating variants on breast cancer risk may depend on their position in the gene. Cell sensitivity to olaparib exposure, identifies a possible therapeutic option to treat FANCM-associated tumors.
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| 6. |
- Hall, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Framtidsscenarier
- 2015
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Ingår i: Klimatsäkrat Skåne. - Lund : Centrum för miljö- och klimatforskning, Lunds universitet. - 9789198157741 ; , s. 221-228
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Hall, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Classification of Maize in Complex Smallholder Farming Systems Using UAV Imagery
- 2018
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Ingår i: Drones. - : MDPI AG. - 2504-446X. ; 2:3, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Yield estimates and yield gap analysis are important for identifying poor agricultural productivity. Remote sensing holds great promise for measuring yield and thus determining yield gaps. Farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are commonly characterized by small field size, intercropping, different crop species with similar phenologies, and sometimes high cloud frequency during the growing season, all of which pose real challenges to remote sensing. Here, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system based on a quadcopter equipped with two consumer-grade cameras was used for the delineation and classification of maize plants on smallholder farms in Ghana. Object-oriented image classification methods were applied to the imagery, combined with measures of image texture and intensity, hue, and saturation (IHS), in order to achieve delineation. It was found that the inclusion of a near-infrared (NIR) channel and red–green–blue (RGB) spectra, in combination with texture or IHS, increased the classification accuracy for both single and mosaic images to above 94%. Thus, the system proved suitable for delineating and classifying maize using RGB and NIR imagery and calculating the vegetation fraction, an important parameter in producing yield estimates for heterogeneous smallholder farming systems.
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| 8. |
- Hall, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of inflammatory markers in Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian disorders
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). We here investigate levels of inflammatory biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in PD and atypical parkinsonian disorders (APD) compared with neurologically healthy controls. We included 131 patients with PD and 27 PD with dementia (PDD), 24 with multiple system atrophy (MSA), 14 with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and 50 controls, all part of the Swedish BioFINDER study. CSF was analyzed for CRP, SAA, IL-6, IL-8, YKL-40 and MCP-1 (CCL2) as well as alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn), tau, tau phosphorylated at Thr181 (P-tau), A beta(42) and NfL. In this exploratory study, we found higher levels of the inflammatory biomarker SAA in PDD and MSA compared with controls and PD and higher levels of CRP in PDD and MSA compared with PD. YKL-40 was lower in PD compared with controls. There were multiple positive correlations between the inflammatory markers, a-syn and markers of neuroaxonal injury (NfL and tau). In PD, higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers correlated with worse motor function and cognitive impairment. Thus, inflammatory biomarkers were increased in PDD and MSA. Furthermore, inflammatory biomarkers correlated with more severe disease regarding motor symptoms and cognitive impairment in PD, indicating an association between inflammation and more aggressive disease course. However, the results need confirmation in follow-up studies.
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| 9. |
- Hallberg, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Peel testing of a packaging material laminate studied by in-situ X-ray tomography and cohesive zone modeling
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-7496. ; 95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peel testing is used to study adhesive fracture in packaging material laminates. The focus is on improved understanding of the mechanisms that provide a laminate's adhesive properties, as measured by standard macroscopic tests. Using a specially-designed peel test load rig, peel tests are performed in-situ in a laboratory X-ray tomograph. The peel test results are analyzed using a combination of theoretical models for the adhesive fracture and 3D finite element simulations based on a cohesive zone model approach. Complementary experiments are performed to characterize the properties of the peel arm material. Relaxation of the material is found to occur during image acquisition in the in-situ tests. Despite this, it is possible to obtain 3D reconstructions with good quality during peeling. Peel test properties like the peel arm's root rotation angle and peel arm thinning are quantified. In the present 90° peel tests, it is found that the delamination progresses in an inhomogeneous manner, with the edges delaminating before the center. A number of issues and mechanisms during the peel test are identified. As an example, the peel arm itself can sometimes split, leaving residues of adhesive on the substrate surface. Such phenomena indicate the ambiguities involved in assessing adhesion properties from standard macroscopic force-displacement measurements, without accounting for the mechanisms involved on finer length scales.
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| 10. |
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