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| 2. |
- Akander, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Simulated Long-term Thermal Performance of a Building That Utilizes a Heat Pump System and Borehole
- 2008
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Ingår i: Durability of Building Materials & Components 11. - Istanbul, Turkey : Istanbul Technical University. - 9789755613253 - 9789755613291
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last decades, installation and use of heat pumps has grown rapidly in Sweden, to the extent that these mainly or partly heat roughly 25 % of the heated floor space in single-family houses. A majority are ground coupled where the heat exchanger is a borehole of 60-220 m depth. As the heat pump system operates, heat extraction will in time reduce borehole temperatures, rendering lowered efficiency of the heat pump system thus directly affecting its economical and environmental aspects. Within the building sector, durability and life performance dynamics of energy systems is often not reflected upon. System performance and efficiency is assumed to be static over time, changing only due to different operation scenarios. This paper serves to quantify the long-term thermal performance degradation of a component, in this case the borehole, and how the degradation of this component affects performance-over-time of an entire system, in this case the heating system of the building. A dynamic thermal simulation model is used to assess the long-term thermal performance of the borehole. The building, which the heat pump serves, is assumed to be a typical Swedish house with normal energy consumption. Simulation results show that the depth of the borehole is of great importance to limit over-time temperature drops. The efficiency of the heat pump system is directly dependent of temperatures in the borehole. How the overall system performance is affected by component performance degradation, is highlighted.
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| 3. |
- Bolin, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
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Early retirement
- 2008
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Ingår i: Simulating An Ageing Population. A Microsimulation Approach Applied to Sweden. (Contributions to Economic Analysis). ; , s. 143-199
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Ekegren, Jenny, 1976-
(författare)
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Design and Synthesis of Novel HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Comprising a Tertiary Alcohol in the Transition-State Mimic
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- HIV-1 protease inhibitors are important in the most frequently used regimen for the treatment of HIV/AIDS, the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). For patients with access to this treatment, an HIV infection is no longer lethal, but rather a manageable, chronic infection. However, the HIV-1 protease inhibitors are generally associated with serious shortcomings such as adverse events, development of drug resistance and poor pharmacokinetic properties. Most of the approved inhibitors suffer from high protein binding, rapid metabolism and/or low membrane permeability. In this project, novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors comprising a rarely used tertiary alcohol in the transition-state mimic were designed, synthesized and evaluated. The rationale behind the design was to achieve ‘masking’ of the tertiary alcohol by for example, intramolecular hydrogen bonding, which was believed could enhance transcellular transport. A reliable synthetic protocol was developed and a series of highly potent inhibitors was obtained exhibiting excellent membrane permeation properties in a Caco-2 cell assay. However, the cellular antiviral potencies of these compounds were low. In an attempt to improve the anti-HIV activity, microwave-accelerated, palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and aminocarbonylation of aryl bromide precursors were employed to produce P1'-extended test compounds. Inhibitors demonstrating up to six times higher antiviral effect were obtained, the best derivatives having para 3- or 4-pyridyl elongations in P1'.Fast metabolic degradation was observed in liver microsome homogenate, which is believed, at least partly, to be attributable to benzylic oxidation of the indanol P2 group of the inhibitors. To enable facile variation of the P2 side chain a new synthetic route was developed using an enantiomerically pure, benzyl-substituted epoxy carboxylic acid as the key intermediate. Cyclic and amino-acid-residue-derived P2 groups were evaluated, and inhibitors equipotent to the series containing an indanol moiety were produced.
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| 5. |
- Eklöf, Matias, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating retirement behavior with special early retirement offers
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We model retirement behavior in Sweden during the 1990ies with focus on voluntary early retirement where there is an option for “buy-outs”. An em- ployer can offer the employees generous pension programs if the employee agrees on early retirement. Earlier studies have neglected such offers, but in doing so, estimates of the individuals’ responses to financial incentives in a retirement decision are likely to be biased upward. We propose an estima- tion strategy where the retirement decision and the accesses to early retire- ment pension offers are estimated in a simultaneous equation system, yield- ing unbiased estimates of the model parameters. We apply the model using detailed Swedish register data. Our results indicate that the marginal effects in retirement probability w.r.t. a change in financial incentives is less pro- nounced if early retirement pensions are accounted for. Further, we illustrate that the early retirement probabilities would decrease by 10-30 percent if early retirement pension offers were absent.
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| 6. |
- Hallberg, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Analytical and numerical thermal modelling & analysis of an building integrated unglazed solar collector : PhD course paper
- 2007
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Ingår i: Mathematics for PhD-students in building science. - Stockholm : Architecture and the Built Environment, Royal Institute of Technology.
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The objective of this report is to derive an analytical and numerical USC model for thermal analysis. These models are meant to calculate USC temperature variation across the USC duct as well as the fluid temperature along the USC. The main purpose of the analytical model is to attain a detailed steady state tool for USC (as in this report) design and dimensioning. The numerical model is meant to calculate the time dependant USC thermal performance as well as being a benchmark for the analytical model.
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| 7. |
- Hallberg, Daniel
(författare)
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Cross-national differences in income poverty among Europe´s 50
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper studies income poverty among the 50+ population in 10 EU countries using newly collected data from the SHARE (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe) project. A measure of the household’s disposable annual income is used. Relative income poverty range from 10 percent (in Sweden) to 22 percent (in Switzerland). Logistic regression estimates show that unemployment, being a homemaker, self-employed, living single, and having a child living close, are associated with an increased likelihood of poverty. Less risk of poverty can be found among those that have supervision over the workplace, have obtained more education, are home owners, and, in some countries, among those that are relatively old.
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| 8. |
- Hallberg, Daniel
(författare)
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Development and adaptation of a life cycle management system for constructed work
- 2005
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lifetime Engineering (or Life Cycle Engineering) is a technical approach for meeting the current objective of sustainable development. The approach is aimed to turn today’s reactive and short-term design, management and maintenance planning towards an optimised and long-term technical approach. The life cycle based management and maintenance planning approach includes condition assessment, predictive modelling of performance changes, maintenance, repair and refurbishment planning and decisions. The Life Cycle Management System (LMS) is a predictive and generic life cycle based management system aimed to support all types of decision making and planning of optimal maintenance, repair and refurbishment activities of any constructed works. The system takes into account a number of aspects in sustainable and conscious development such as human requirements, life cycle economy, life cycle ecology and cultural requirements. The LMS is a system by which the complete system or parts thereof, works in co-operation or as a complement to existing business support systems. The system is module based where each module represents a subprocess within the maintenance management process. The scope of this thesis is focused on development and adaptation of the predictive characteristic of LMS towards a presumptive user. The objective is to develop and adapt a Service Life Performance Analysis module applicable for condition based Facility Management System in general and for condition based Bridge Management System in particular. Emphasis is placed on development and adaptation of a conditional probability based Service Life Performance Analysis model in which degradation models and Markov chains play a decisive role. The thesis deals also with development and adaptation of environmental exposure data recording and processing, with special emphasis on quantitative environmental classification in order to provide a simplified method of Service Life Performance Analysis.
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| 9. |
- Hallberg, Daniel
(författare)
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Development and Adaptation of a Life Cycle Management System for Construction Works
- 2006
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Ingår i: Lifetime Engineering of Civil Infrastructure.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lifetime Engineering (or Life Cycle Engineering) is a technical approach for meeting the current objective of sustainable development. The approach is aimed to turn today’s reactive and short-term design, management and maintenance planning towards an optimised and long-term technical approach. The life cycle based management and maintenance planning approach includes condition assessment, predictive modelling of performance changes, maintenance analysis and maintenance, repair and refurbishment (MR&R) planning and decisions. The change towards a predictive approach requires generic systems, applicable to different maintenance manager organisations with different MR&R strategies, managing different types of construction works. The newly developed Life Cycle Management System (LMS) is a predictive and generic life cycle based management system aimed to support all types of decision making and planning of optimal MR&R activities of any construction works. The system takes into account a number of aspects in sustainable and conscious development such as human requirements, life cycle economy, life cycle ecology and cultural requirements. The LMS is a system by which the complete system or parts thereof, works in co-operation or as a complement to existing business support systems. This imply development and adaptation of the system in order to meet the user needs and requirements, a process which is to be geared and governed by the user. The scope of this paper is focused on development and adaptation of the predictive characteristic of LMS towards a presumptive user. The objective is to develop and adapt a Service Life Performance Analysis (SLPA) module applicable for condition based Facility Management System in general and for condition based Bridge Management System in particular. Emphasis is placed on development and adaptation of a conditional probability based SLPA model in which degradation models and Markov chains play a decisive role. The paper deals also with development and adaptation of environmental exposure data recording and processing, with special emphasis on quantitative environmental classification in order to provide a simplified method of SLPA.
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