| 1. |
- Daniau, A. -L, et al.
(författare)
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predictability of biomass burning in response to climate changes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Global Biogeochemical Cycles. - 0886-6236 .- 1944-9224. ; 26, s. GB4007-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate is an important control on biomass burning, but the sensitivity of fire to changes in temperature and moisture balance has not been quantified. We analyze sedimentary charcoal records to show that the changes in fire regime over the past 21,000 yrs are predictable from changes in regional climates. Analyses of paleo-fire data show that fire increases monotonically with changes in temperature and peaks at intermediate moisture levels, and that temperature is quantitatively the most important driver of changes in biomass burning over the past 21,000 yrs. Given that a similar relationship between climate drivers and fire emerges from analyses of the interannual variability in biomass burning shown by remote-sensing observations of month-by-month burnt area between 1996 and 2008, our results signal a serious cause for concern in the face of continuing global warming.
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| 2. |
- Boot-Handford, M. E., et al.
(författare)
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Carbon capture and storage update
- 2014
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Ingår i: Energy and Environmental Sciences. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1754-5692 .- 1754-5706. ; 7:1, s. 130-189
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, Carbon Capture and Storage (Sequestration) (CCS) has been proposed as a potential method to allow the continued use of fossil-fuelled power stations whilst preventing emissions of CO2 from reaching the atmosphere. Gas, coat (and biomass)-fired power stations can respond to changes in demand more readily than many other sources of electricity production, hence the importance of retaining them as an option in the energy mix. Here, we review the leading CO2 capture technologies, available in the short and long term, and their technological maturity, before discussing CO2 transport and storage. Current pilot plants and demonstrations are highlighted, as is the importance of optimising the CCS system as a whole. Other topics briefly discussed include the viability of both the capture of CO2 from the air and CO2 reutilisation as climate change mitigation strategies. Finally, we discuss the economic and legal aspects of CCS.
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| 3. |
- Squires, Adam M., et al.
(författare)
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Preparation of Films of a Highly Aligned Lipid Cubic Phase
- 2013
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 29:6, s. 1726-1731
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate a method by which we can produce an oriented film of an inverse bicontinuous cubic phase (QII,D) formed by the lipid monoolein (MO). By starting with the lipid as a disordered precursor (the L3 phase) in the presence of butanediol, we can obtain a film of the QII,D phase showing a high degree of in-plane orientation by controlled dilution of the sample under shear within a linear flow cell. We demonstrate that the direction of orientation of the film is different from that found in the oriented bulk material that we have reported previously; therefore, we can now reproducibly form QII,D D samples oriented with either the [110] or the [100] axis aligned in the flow direction depending on the method of preparation. The deposition of MO as a film, via a moving fluid−air interface that leaves a coating of MO in the L3 phase on the capillary wall, leads to a sample in the [110] orientation. This contrasts with the bulk material that we have previously demonstrated to be oriented in the [100] direction, arising from flow producing an oriented bulk slug of material within the capillary tube. The bulk sample contains significant amounts of residual butanediol, which can be estimated from the lattice parameter of the QII,D phase obtained. The sample orientation and lattice parameters are determined from synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering patterns and confirmed by simulations. This has potential applications in the production of template materials and the growth of protein crystals for crystallography as well as deepening our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the behavior of lyotropic liquid-crystal phases.
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| 4. |
- Seddon, Annela M., et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Confirmation of Transformation Pathways between Inverse Double Diamond and Gyroid Cubic Phases
- 2014
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 30:20, s. 5705-5710
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A macroscopically oriented double diamond inverse bicontinuous cubic phase (Q(II)(D)) of the lipid glycerol monooleate is reversibly converted into a gyroid phase (Q(II)(G)). The initial Q(II)(D) phase is prepared in the form of a film coating the inside of a capillary, deposited under flow, which produces a sample uniaxially oriented with a < 110 > axis parallel to the symmetry axis of the sample. A transformation is induced by replacing the water within the capillary tube with a solution of poly(ethylene glycol), which draws water out of the Q(II)(D) sample by osmotic stress. This converts the Q(II)(D) phase into a Q(II)(G) phase with two coexisting orientations, with the < 100 > and < 111 > axes parallel to the symmetry axis, as demonstrated by small-angle X-ray scattering. The process can then be reversed, to recover the initial orientation of Q(II)(D) phase. The epitaxial relation between the two oriented mesophases is consistent with topology-preserving geometric pathways that have previously been hypothesized for the transformation. Furthermore, this has implications for the production of macroscopically oriented Q(II)(G) phases, in particular with applications as nanomaterial templates.
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| 5. |
- Ursini-Siegel, Josie, et al.
(författare)
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Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Favors a Protumorigenic State in Breast Cancer Cells by Inhibiting the Adaptive Immune Response
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 1538-7445. ; 70:20, s. 7776-7787
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using transgenic mouse models of breast cancer that ablate Src homology and collagen A ( ShcA) expression or oncogene-coupled ShcA signaling, we previously showed that this adaptor is critical for mammary tumor onset and progression. We now provide the first evidence that ShcA regulates mammary tumorigenesis, in part, through its ability to regulate the adaptive immune response. Inactivation of ShcA signaling within tumor cells results in extensive CD4(+) T-cell infiltration and induction of a humoral immune response in mammary tumors. This is associated with a robust CTL response in preneoplastic lesions that are deficient in ShcA signaling. Moreover, mammary tumor progression of ShcA-deficient hyperplasias is accelerated in a T cell-deficient background. We also uncover a clinically relevant correlation between high ShcA expression and low CTL infiltration in human breast cancers. Finally, we define a novel ShcA-regulated immune signature that functions as an independent prognostic marker of survival in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(+) and basal breast cancers. We reveal a novel role for tumor cell-derived ShcA in the establishment and maintenance of an immunosuppressive state. Cancer Res; 70(20); 7776-87. (C) 2010 AACR.
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