| 1. |
- Eriksson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Diet and mobility among Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in Motala (Sweden) - The isotope perspective
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-409X .- 2352-4103. ; 17, s. 904-918
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent excavations at the sites of Strandvägen and Kanaljorden in Motala, Eastern Central Sweden, have unearthed complex and varied funerary remains from the Mesolithic. The two sites are situated on opposite banks of the river Motala Ström. While geographically close and roughly covering the same time span (c. 8000–7000 cal. BP), the funerary remains reveal differences and similarities in the treatment of the dead between the two localities. While at Strandvägen human bones were mostly found either scattered along the river bed or in inhumation graves, Kanaljorden contains wetland depositions of disarticulated skulls. We have conducted multi-isotope analyses of δ13C, δ15N, δ34S and 87Sr/86Sr of human and animal remains with the aim of reconstructing the dietary patterns, geographic provenance and mobility of the interred. A series of faunal reference samples and, in the case of 87Sr/86Sr, soil samples have been analysed in order to establish relevant isotopic baselines. The results show a protein intake dominated by aquatic resources, probably consisting of both freshwater and marine fish in varied proportions. The strontium isotope data indicate an interesting distinction between the individuals buried on either side of the river Motala Ström. Five out of six sampled individuals from Strandvägen have isotope ratios consistent with a local provenance, whereas ratios from seven out of eight Kanaljorden individuals indicate a non-local origin. The δ34S analysis proved problematic as a majority of the samples appear to be affected by diagenesis. This is probably the result of contamination by exogenous sulphur from surrounding fluvial and lacustrine sediments, as has previously been reported from other waterlogged sites.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Armerin, Fredrik, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Forecasting Ranking in Harness Racing Using Probabilities Induced by Expected Positions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Applied Artificial Intelligence. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 0883-9514 .- 1087-6545. ; 33:2, s. 171-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ranked events are pivotal in many important AI-applications such as Question Answering and recommendations systems. This paper studies ranked events in the setting of harness racing. For each horse there exists a probability distribution over its possible rankings. In the paper, it is shown that a set of expected positions (and more generally, higher moments) for the horses induces this probability distribution. The main contribution of the paper is a method, which extracts this induced probability distribution from a set of expected positions. An algorithm is proposed where the extraction of the induced distribution is given by the estimated expectations. MATLAB code is provided for the methodology. This approach gives freedom to model the horses in many different ways without the restrictions imposed by for instance logistic regression. To illustrate this point, we employ a neural network and ordinary ridge regression. The method is applied to predicting the distribution of the finishing positions for horses in harness racing. It outperforms both multinomial logistic regression and the market odds. The ease of use combined with fine results from the suggested approach constitutes a relevant addition to the increasingly important field of ranked events.
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| 4. |
- Bergfors, Linus, et al.
(författare)
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Datadriven diagnostik av avloppsledningsnät
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det finns stor potential i att effektivare övervaka och styra pumpstationer i vatten- och avloppsledningsnät i de allra flesta städer och samhällen. Kan man tidigt upptäcka fel i pumpstationer eller onormala förhållanden i ledningsnätet kan man förbättra reningen samt undvika bräddning med vattenmängder som annars går ut orenade i miljön. Projektets mål är att utveckla metodik och verktyg för övervakning av pumpstationer för att säkerställa att driften är normal och ge tidiga varningar när en pumpstation får problem samt att ta fram en prioritering av var insatser för att minska tillskottsvattnet har störst effekt. Metodiken bygger på att jämföra drifttillståndet från historiska data under normala förhållanden med driftsförhållandet nu och se om man hittar avvikelser. Ett annat sätt att hitta avikelser på är att jämföra pumpstationens driftdata med närliggande pumpar eller pumpstationer för att se om förhållandet förändrats över tid vilket kan bero på slitage eller ökad mängd tillskottsvatten. Projektet har resulterat i konkreta verktyg som kan ha stor nytta vid kommunernas arbete med att förebygga problem i avloppledningsnätet. Vi kan nu göra en automatisk diagnosticering av ett pumpnätverk där användaren får ut vilka stationer som är särskilt drabbade av tillskottsvatten och där mycket kan vinnas på att sätta in åtgärder. Resultaten kan användas för att prioritera de områden där insatser kan göra störst skillnad både ekonomiskt och för miljön. I samband med detta får användaren dessutom ut en enkel uppskattning av hur mycket av det som pumpas som kommer från den faktiska förbrukningen på nätet. Vi har påvisat att drifttiderna i pumpstationerna är korrelerade med regnmängden i området och förhållandet kan anses vara kausalt. Tillsammans med korrelationerna mellan stationerna i avloppsnätet ger det viktig information om tidsförskjutningarna i systemet, vilket i sin tur är viktig för att kunna vidta preventiva åtgärder vid stora regnmängder. Uppföljning på trenden för pumpkvoten, som beräknas genom att ta kvoten mellan pumparna i samma pumpgrop vilka används växelvis, ger en indikation på drift av enskilda pumpar. Metodiken och verktygen kan göra det möjligt för användarna att övergå till behovsstyrt underhåll istället för att arbeta utifrån underhållsscheman. Det kan dessutom möjliggöra ett mer preventivt arbete med färre nödavledningar som följd och minskat antal nödutryckningar. Det krävs dock vidare utveckling för att få ut den fulla potentialen i tekniken. För att ta resultaten vidare behöver samarbetet med Borås Energi och Miljö fortsätta med regelbundna diagnostiseringar. I dagsläget finns det inget enkelt sätt för driftspersonalen att få ut resultaten från verktygen för diagnostisering. Nästa steg blir därför att utveckla ett användargränssnitt för att tillgängliggöra verktygen för användare i Sverige.
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| 5. |
- Gummesson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Keep your head high : skulls on stakes and cranial trauma in Mesolithic Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Antiquity. - : Antiquity Publications. - 0003-598X .- 1745-1744. ; 92:361, s. 74-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The socio-cultural behaviour of Scandina-vian Mesolithic hunter-gatherers has been difficult to understand due to the dearth of sites thus far investigated. Recent excavations at Kanaljorden in Sweden, however, have revealed disarticulated human crania intentionally placed at the bottom of a former lake. The adult crania exhibited antemortem blunt force trauma patterns differentiated by sex that were probably the result of interpersonal violence; the remains of wooden stakes were recovered inside two crania, indicating that they had been mounted. Taphonomic factors suggest that the human bodies were manipulated prior to deposition. This unique site challenges our understanding of the handling of the dead during the European Mesolithic.
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| 6. |
- Haak, Wolfgang, et al.
(författare)
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Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 522:7555, s. 207-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We generated genome-wide data from 69 Europeans who lived between 8,000-3,000 years ago by enriching ancient DNA libraries for a target set of almost 400,000 polymorphisms. Enrichment of these positions decreases the sequencing required for genome-wide ancient DNA analysis by a median of around 250-fold, allowing us to study an order of magnitude more individuals than previous studies(1-8) and to obtain new insights about the past. We show that the populations of Western and Far Eastern Europe followed opposite trajectories between 8,000-5,000 years ago. At the beginning of the Neolithic period in Europe, similar to 8,000-7,000 years ago, closely related groups of early farmers appeared in Germany, Hungary and Spain, different from indigenous hunter-gatherers, whereas Russia was inhabited by a distinctive population of hunter-gatherers with high affinity to a similar to 24,000-year-old Siberian(6). By similar to 6,000-5,000 years ago, farmers throughout much of Europe had more hunter-gatherer ancestry than their predecessors, but in Russia, the Yamnaya steppe herders of this time were descended not only from the preceding eastern European hunter-gatherers, but also from a population of Near Eastern ancestry. Western and Eastern Europe came into contact similar to 4,500 years ago, as the Late Neolithic Corded Ware people from Germany traced similar to 75% of their ancestry to the Yamnaya, documenting a massive migration into the heartland of Europe from its eastern periphery. This steppe ancestry persisted in all sampled central Europeans until at least similar to 3,000 years ago, and is ubiquitous in present-day Europeans. These results provide support for a steppe origin(9) of at least some of the Indo-European languages of Europe.
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| 7. |
- Hadrévi, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Systemic differences in serum metabolome : a cross sectional comparison of women with localised and widespread pain and controls
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic musculoskeletal pain exists either as localised to a single region or as widespread to multiple sites in several quadrants of the body. Prospective studies indicate that widespread pain could act as a far end of a continuum of musculoskeletal pain that started with chronic localised pain. The mechanism by which the transition from localised pain to widespread occurs is not clear, although many studies suggest it to be an altered metabolism. In this study, systemic metabolic differences between women with chronic localised neck-shoulder pain (NP), women with chronic widespread pain (CWP) and women who were healthy (CON) were assessed. Blood samples were analysed taking a metabolomics approach using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The metabolomics analysis showed a clear systematic difference in the metabolic profiles between the subjects with NP and the CON but only a weak systematic difference between the subjects with CWP and the CON. This most likely reflects a difference in the portion of the metabolome influenced by the two pain conditions. In the NP group, the overall metabolic profile suggests that processes related to energy utilisation and lipid metabolism could be central aspects of mechanisms maintaining disorder.
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| 8. |
- Landegren, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Autoantibodies Targeting a Collecting Duct-Specific Water Channel in Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: JASN. - 1533-3450 .- 1046-6673. ; 27:10, s. 3220-3228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tubulointerstitial nephritis is a common cause of kidney failure and may have diverse etiologies. This form of nephritis is sometimes associated with autoimmune disease, but the role of autoimmune mechanisms in disease development is not well understood. Here, we present the cases of three patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 who developed tubulointerstitial nephritis and ESRD in association with autoantibodies against kidney collecting duct cells. One of the patients developed autoantibodies targeting the collecting duct-specific water channel aquaporin 2, whereas autoantibodies of the two other patients reacted against the HOXB7 or NFAT5 transcription factors, which regulate the aquaporin 2 promoter. Our findings suggest that tubulointerstitial nephritis developed in these patients as a result of an autoimmune insult on the kidney collecting duct cells.
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| 9. |
- Mittnik, Alissa, et al.
(författare)
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The genetic prehistory of the Baltic Sea region
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the series of events that shaped the transition between foraging societies and food producers are well described for Central and Southern Europe, genetic evidence from Northern Europe surrounding the Baltic Sea is still sparse. Here, we report genome-wide DNA data from 38 ancient North Europeans ranging from similar to 9500 to 2200 years before present. Our analysis provides genetic evidence that hunter-gatherers settled Scandinavia via two routes. We reveal that the first Scandinavian farmers derive their ancestry from Anatolia 1000 years earlier than previously demonstrated. The range of Mesolithic Western hunter-gatherers extended to the east of the Baltic Sea, where these populations persisted without gene-flow from Central European farmers during the Early and Middle Neolithic. The arrival of steppe pastoralists in the Late Neolithic introduced a major shift in economy and mediated the spread of a new ancestry associated with the Corded Ware Complex in Northern Europe.
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Quicker response to quality changes in incoming water with decision support system for coagulant dosage at Görväln drinking water plant
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A decision support system (DSS) for control of the coagulant dosage at the Görväln drinking water plant has been developed and implemented. The goal with the DSS was to enable the transition from manual to automatic control of coagulant dosage. The DSS is based on a multivariate statistical regression (PLS) model mimicking the operators’ manual dosage of coagulant and is based solely on UV-absorbance, colour, COD, TOC and conductivity in the raw water. By external validation with two years of historical data, the model was proven to provide a good estimation of the manual dosage. When the model was implemented for dosage control, the variation of the quality of the treated drinking water was significantly reduced as a result of quicker and correct response to changes in the raw water and at the same time the coagulant consumption was maintained. The results pave the way for future optimization of the coagulant dose, resulting in reduced coagulant consumption while still maintaining or even increasing the drinking water quality. The approach presented is expected to be able to give positive results on other drinking water plants as well.
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