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- Bill-Axelson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in localized prostate cancer : the Scandinavian prostate cancer group-4 randomized trial
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 100:16, s. 1144-1154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The benefit of radical prostatectomy in patients with early prostate cancer has been assessed in only one randomized trial. In 2005, we reported that radical prostatectomy improved prostate cancer survival compared with watchful waiting after a median of 8.2 years of follow-up. We now report results after 3 more years of follow-up.METHODS: From October 1, 1989, through February 28, 1999, 695 men with clinically localized prostate cancer were randomly assigned to radical prostatectomy (n = 347) or watchful waiting (n = 348). Follow-up was complete through December 31, 2006, with histopathologic review and blinded evaluation of causes of death. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Statistical tests were two-sided.RESULTS: During a median of 10.8 years of follow-up (range = 3 weeks to 17.2 years), 137 men in the surgery group and 156 in the watchful waiting group died (P = .09). For 47 of the 347 men (13.5%) who were randomly assigned to surgery and 68 of the 348 men (19.5%) who were not, death was due to prostate cancer. The difference in cumulative incidence of death due to prostate cancer remained stable after about 10 years of follow-up. At 12 years, 12.5% of the surgery group and 17.9% of the watchful waiting group had died of prostate cancer (difference = 5.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2 to 11.1%), for a relative risk of 0.65 (95% CI = 0.45 to 0.94; P = .03). The difference in cumulative incidence of distant metastases did not increase beyond 10 years of follow-up. At 12 years, 19.3% of men in the surgery group and 26% of men in the watchful waiting group had been diagnosed with distant metastases (difference = 6.7%, 95% CI = 0.2 to 13.2%), for a relative risk of 0.65 (95% CI = 0.47 to 0.88; P = .006). Among men who underwent radical prostatectomy, those with extracapsular tumor growth had 14 times the risk of prostate cancer death as those without it (RR = 14.2, 95% CI = 3.3 to 61.8; P < .001).CONCLUSION: Radical prostatectomy reduces prostate cancer mortality and risk of metastases with little or no further increase in benefit 10 or more years after surgery.
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| 2. |
- Kopp, C., et al.
(författare)
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Very compact FTTH Diplexer design using advanced wafer level fabrication methods
- 2008
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Ingår i: MICRO-OPTICS 2008. - Strasbourg : SPIE.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- FTTH networks require implementing a diplexer at each user termination. According to most of the standards, this diplexer detects a download signal beam at 1.49ÎŒm and emits an upload signal beam at 1.31ÎŒm on the same single mode fibre. Both signals exhibit datarate speed below 2.5Gbps. Today, most of the diplexers are obtained by actively aligning a set of individual optoelectronic components and micro-optics. However, new manufacturing solutions satisfying very low cost and mass production capability requirements of this market would help to speed the massive spreading of this technology. In this paper, we present an original packaging design to manufacture Diplexer Optical Sub-Assembly for FTTH application. A dual photodiode is stacked over a VCSEL and detects both the download signal beam at 1.49ÎŒm passing through the laser and one part of the upload signal beam at 1.31ÎŒm for monitoring. To satisfy this approach, an innovative VCSEL has been designed to have a very high transmission at 1.49ÎŒm. All these components are mounted on a very small circuit board on glass including also integrated circuits such as transimpedance amplifier. So, the device combines advanced optoelectronic components and highly integrated Multi-Chip-Module on glass approach using collective wafer-level assembling technologies. For the single mode fibre optical coupling, active and passive alignment solutions are considered.
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| 3. |
- Kourtchenko, Olga, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Oxo-phytodienoic acid-containing galactolipids in arabidopsis: Jasmonate signaling dependence
- 2007
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Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 145:4, s. 1658-1669
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The jasmonate family of phytohormones, as represented by 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), dinor-phytodienoic acid (dn-OPDA), and jasmonic acid in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), has been implicated in a vast array of different developmental processes and stress responses. Recent reports indicate that OPDA and dn-OPDA occur not only as free acids in Arabidopsis, but also as esters with complex lipids, so-called arabidopsides. Recently, we showed that recognition of the two bacterial effector proteins AvrRpm1 and AvrRpt2 induced high levels of a molecule consisting of two OPDAs and one dn-OPDA esterified to a monogalactosyl diacylglycerol moiety, named arabidopside E. In this study, we demonstrate that the synthesis of arabidopsides is mainly independent of the prokaryotic lipid biosynthesis pathway in the chloroplast, and, in addition to what previously has been reported, arabidopside E as well as an all-OPDA analog, arabidopside G, described here accumulated during the hypersensitive response and in response to wounding. We also show that different signaling pathways lead to the formation of arabidopsides during the hypersensitive response and the wounding response, respectively. However, the formation of arabidopsides during both responses is dependent on an intact jasmonate signaling pathway. Additionally, we report inhibition of growth of the fungal necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea and in planta release of free jasmonates in a time frame that overlaps with the observed reduction of arabidopside levels. Thus, arabidopsides may have a dual function: as antipathogenic substances and as storage compounds that allow the slow release of free jasmonates.
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