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- Eliasson, Jonas, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Flexibel trängselskatt ger flyt åt Stockholmstrafiken
- 2012
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter. - : AB Dagens nyheter. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Omstridd skatt fyller sex. Trängselskattens påverkan på trafiken är till och med större i dag än när den infördes. Att många ändå upplever att köerna blivit längre beror på flera stora byggprojekt som påverkar kapaciteten på vägarna. Trängselskatten bör därför bli mer flexibel och anpassas efter vägarbeten, årstider etc. Essingeleden bör också snarast avgiftsbeläggas. Det skulle enkelt minska trafiken där med 13 procent och göra Stockholm effektivare, renare och trevligare, skriver fyra transportforskare.
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- Hamilton, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Costs and benefits of the European directive on road tolling interoperability
- 2013
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part C. - : Elsevier BV. - 0968-090X .- 1879-2359. ; 30, s. 221-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pricing of road use in the form of tolls, congestion charges, kilometre tax and other similar schemes, is becoming increasingly common. Each toll road operator has so far decided on its own how to design and implement systems for collecting road user charges, causing a plethora of system and scheme designs. As a measure to reduce the drawbacks of such differences, the European Union has passed legislation aiming at making available interoperable road charging services, valid across all charging systems a vehicle might pass during a European journey. This legislation is setting the bar high, requiring that virtually every charging system in the Union be covered. We analyse the costs and benefits caused by this regulation, and if an adjusted regulation can improve these results. We conclude that the new legislation yields a social loss ranging from 100 to just above 500 million Euros annually. Policy suggestions to improve this result are also provided.
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- Hamilton, Carl
(författare)
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Enforcement of road pricing under weak institutions
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Congestion pricing has been successfully implemented in several cities in the industrialised world, including Singapore, London, Stockholm, and Milan. Those systems are reliant on an extensive institutional framework, including databases of vehicles and personal identities, electronic payment channels, and perhaps most importantly, a cost effective method for ex post debt collection. In a context where such institutional support is weak, e.g. a developing nation or a road network with a large share of international traffic, the existing framework is not fully applicable. This paper suggests a conceptual model for solving these challenges, based on the simple assumption that visiting vehicles will eventually come back to the system, and can be enforced on site when they do. As part of the concept, the vehicles themselves are used as collateral for any unpaid tolls, and the operator is actively selecting which vehicles to target when optimizing enforcement operations. For this conceptual model to function consistently, a few design requirements are identified, related to the technical construction as well as the charging rules and the underpinning legal framework. A formal model is proposed, and finally, the model is implemented in a simulation environment and is calibrated to get an order of magnitude estimate of the most important parameters and the potential benefits of the system.
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| 7. |
- Hamilton, Carl J.
(författare)
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Implementing Road Pricing : Standards, Institutions, Costs, and Public Acceptance
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Much has been researched and written about road pricing, and especially how it affects traffic flow, congestion, the environment, and social welfare in general. This doctoral thesis analyses the implementation of road user charges rather than its effects. The dissertation consists of five separate papers, each addressing a subset of the topic. The first paper sheds light on the costs to introduce congestion taxes in Stockholm, and describes how public opinion and political risk lead to a system design that in all likelihood was more expensive than necessary. In the second paper the European regulation on interoperability between road charging system is evaluated from a benefit/cost perspective, which is found to be overly ambitious. Paper three builds upon the second, and suggests a general model for how costs and benefits interact in the case of road charging interoperability. Inpaper four a potential solution is presented for how the practical problems related to enforcement of road charging in an international context or in countries with weak institutions. The fifth and final paper analyses the public opinion of road charges, and especially urban congestion charges, using a survey conducted simultaneously in three European cities.
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- Hamilton, Carl J.
(författare)
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Revisiting the cost of the Stockholm congestion charging system
- 2011
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Ingår i: Transport Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-070X .- 1879-310X. ; 18:6, s. 836-847
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In January 2006, a system for congestion charging was introduced in the city of Stockholm, Sweden. The charging scheme was run in the form of a full-scale trial for seven months, after which it was deactivated, awaiting its evaluation and an advisory public referendum. Several parties, including representatives of the scientific community as well as media and special interest groups, have analysed and evaluated the system. A recurring theme in several of these analyses is that the cost to build and operate the system was excessive, compared to costs for other road charging installations. This study revisits some of the key project participants and archive data, to provide a deeper understanding of what were the major cost drivers and whether lower cost can be achieved in future installations. The approach taken is to emphasise understanding of the particular circumstances rather than comparing aggregates with other seemingly similar systems. The main conclusions include the identification of a rational actor paying an insurance against unacceptable risk, the importance of the election cycle, and the interplay between risk, acceptance, performance, and cost. A conceptual model for this interaction is suggested.
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- Hamilton, Carl J., et al.
(författare)
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Vertical separation as means to establish interoperability in road tolling in Europe
- 2011
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part C. - : Elsevier BV. - 0968-090X .- 1879-2359. ; 19:6, s. 1019-1032
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As more European roads become tolled by various means, an increasing share of road users become subject to more than one tolling scheme in their regular driving. This can be especially burdensome for long distance hauliers, who may pass several countries and tolled motorway systems during the course of 1 day. For this reason, a range of projects have been initiated attempting to increase the level of interoperability between tolling systems, many of which with only limited success. By analyzing current incentives, costs and benefits for toll operators and road users, we conclude firstly that the current level of interoperability is likely to be lower than socially optimal, and secondly that a direct regulation making the provision of interoperability mandatory is likely to be in excess of what is socially optimal. We argue that vertically separating the monopolistic toll operators could be a cost-efficient way to achieve a socially optimal level of interoperability as a equilibrium market outcome.
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