| 1. |
- Angervall, Petra, Professor, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Academic Career Mobility: Career Advancement, Transnational Mobility and Gender Equity
- 2023
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Ingår i: Higher Education Policy. - : Springer. - 0952-8733 .- 1740-3863.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores how policy discourses on academic career are articulated in Swedish higher education. Discourses on academic career are often expressing meritocracy and the necessity of competition, but also include demands for flexibil-ity and global participation. Recent decades of higher education policy have also stressed the importance of gender equity, which is particularly evident in the Nordic countries. Yet, how these discourses interact and impact on contemporary ideas on academic career remains unclear. We analyse a selection of Swedish government bills to explore present policy discourses on academic career mobility, and how these discourses express and create tensions for different staff groups. The findings shows that the notion, and promotion of career mobility in Swedish higher education features tensions between career advancement, transnational mobility and work life stability. It is also clear that some scholars are defined as more career mobile and successful than others. Hence, discourses on career mobility tend to give legitimacy to already existing work divisions and hierarchies partly undermining gender equity. In conclusion, our findings show tensions and contradictions in these policies, which give base for further nuanced and critical discussions on the current conditions and possibilities in Swedish higher education and academic career.
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| 2. |
- Bellido, Jose, et al.
(författare)
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‘A very good field in which to operate’: patent literature and the post-war information industry
- 2023
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Ingår i: Library and Information History. - 1758-3489 .- 1758-3497. ; 39:3, s. 147-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patent systems rely on information infrastructures that enable searchers, examiners, and other specialists not only to consider legal requirements but also to gather market intelligence, competitor analysis, and other strategic business information. These resources are today considered fundamental to the assessment of a patent system's performance in terms of its reliability and legitimacy. However, this potential was constrained historically by the multiplicity of formats, languages, and time frames in which patents in different jurisdictions were published and issued. This essay traces how a secondary market for patent information materialised from a distinct commercial engagement with these peculiarities of patents as documents. In doing so, the essay explores how patent literature was abstracted, centralised, and filtered through private information providers such as Derwent Publications Ltd that began offering customised patent information products and services in the post-war decades.
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| 3. |
- Bro, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Shared burden is always lighter - Peer-review performance in an ophthalmological journal 2010-2020
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThere are concerns in the academic publishing community that it is becoming more difficult to secure reviews for scientific manuscripts. This study examines trends in editorial and peer review processes in an ophthalmological journal over the last decade.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed of editorial data from the journal Acta Ophthalmologica containing all manuscript submissions between 2010 and 2020.ResultsThe number of yearly submissions grew between 2010 and 2019 from 1014 to 1623, and in 2020, the number of submissions increased to 2449. In total, the number of submissions increased by 142% between 2010 and 2020. Similarly, the proportion of desk-rejected manuscripts increased from 48% to 67% during the period 2010–2020. The number of invitations needed to obtain one review showed an increase from 1.9 to 2.6 between 2010 and 2019, but remained stable between 2019 and 2020. However, the number of reviewers per reviewed manuscript, reviewed manuscripts per reviewer and time from invitation to completed review assignment remained almost constant between 2010 and 2020. Researchers based in North American were disproportionally often invited to review (18%) compared to their share of published articles (7%), and they also declined review invitation more frequently compared to scholars in other parts of the world.ConclusionsThe study revealed an increase in submitted manuscripts to an ophthalmological journal over the last decade, with a further increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of reviewer invitations needed to obtain one review grew during the study period but remained constant between 2019 and 2020, despite a vast increase in submitted manuscripts. Hence, the burden for unique reviewers did not increase. Instead, the proportion of desk-rejected manuscripts grew, and the reviewer pool expanded, which allowed the annual average number of reviews by individual reviewers to remain stable.
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| 4. |
- Francke, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Competitive exposure and existential recognition: Visibility and legitimacy on academic social networking sites
- 2022
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Ingår i: Research Evaluation. - : Oxford University Press. - 0958-2029 .- 1471-5449. ; 31:4, s. 429-437
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past decade, academic social networking sites, such as ResearchGate and Academia.edu, have become a common tool in academia for accessing publications and displaying metrics for research evaluation and self-monitoring. In this conceptual article, we discuss how these academic social networking sites, as devices of evaluation that build on both traditional values, objects, and metrics in academic publishing and on social media logics and algorithmic metrics, come to fulfil a need in the current academic (publishing) ecosystem. We approach this issue by identifying key affordances that arise in the interaction between platform and user. We then position these affordances in relation to potential needs of academics in today’s publishing landscape by drawing on Hafermalz’s metaphor of the ‘fear of exile’, which provides an alternative way of understanding the importance of visibility in the networked world, as a combination of competitive exposure and existential recognition. We end by considering the grounds on which the platforms may be attributed some level of legitimacy. This is done in order to understand the inherent contradiction between the broad use of the platforms and the fact that their integrity has been questioned repeatedly. We seek an answer to a legitimacy for the platforms in the fact that a pragmatic, mutual benefit exists between them and the research community; a benefit that is enhanced by the audit society influencing current academia.
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| 5. |
- Haider, Jutta, et al.
(författare)
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Time and temporality in library and information science
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Documentation. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0022-0418 .- 1758-7379.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The article introduces selected theoretical approaches to time and temporality relevant to the field of library and information science, and it briefly introduces the papers gathered in this special issue. A number of issues that could potentially be followed in future research are presented. Design/methodology/approach The authors review a selection of theoretical and empirical approaches to the study of time that originate in or are of particular relevance to library and information science. Four main themes are identified: (1) information as object in temporal perspectives; (2) time and information as tools of power and control; (3) time in society; and (4) experiencing and practicing time. Findings The paper advocates a thorough engagement with how time and temporality shape notions of information more broadly. This includes, for example, paying attention to how various dimensions of the late-modern time regime of acceleration feed into the ways in which information is operationalised, how information work is commodified, and how hierarchies of information are established; paying attention to the changing temporal dynamics that networked information systems imply for our understanding of documents or of memory institutions; or how external events such as social and natural crises quickly alter modes, speed, and forms of data production and use, in areas as diverse as information practices, policy, management, representation, and organisation, amongst others. Originality/value By foregrounding temporal perspectives in library and information science, the authors advocate dialogue with important perspectives on time that come from other fields. Rather than just including such perspectives in library and information science, however, the authors find that the focus on information and documents that the library and information science field contributes has great potential to advance the understanding of how notions and experiences of time shape late-modern societies and individuals.
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| 6. |
- Hammarfelt, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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An Ecology of Measures and Indicators : Bibliometrics in Resource Allocation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Handbook Bibliometrics. - Berlin : De Gruyter Saur. - 9783110642278 ; , s. 291-298
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter briefly reviews how bibliometric indicators are used for allocating resources in academia. How these measures can be understood in relation to different evaluation systems is discussed, and various types of applications – including individual level use – are outlined. Furthermore, attention is given to the effect of evaluation in terms of incentives and possible adverse effects. The importance of contextualizing the influence of metrics is emphasised, as individuals and fields are likely to react differently to performance-based assessments. In conclusion, bibliometric measures are perhaps best understood as part of a larger “ecology” in which different types of assessment procedures, funding arrangements, and allocation systems interact.
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| 7. |
- Hammarfelt, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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An Ecology of Measures and Indicators: Bibliometrics in Resource Allocation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Handbook Bibliometrics. - : De Gruyter. - 9783110642278 - 9783110646610 - 9783110642599 ; , s. 291-298
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter briefly reviews how bibliometric indicators are used for allocating resources in academia. How these measures can be understood in relation to different evaluation systems is discussed, and various types of applications - including individual level use - are outlined. Furthermore, attention is given to the effect of evaluation in terms of incentives and possible adverse effects. The importance of contextualizing the influence of metrics is emphasised, as individuals and fields are likely to react differently to performance-based assessments. In conclusion, bibliometric measures are perhaps best understood as part of a larger “ecology” in which different types of assessment procedures, funding arrangements and allocation systems interact.
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| 8. |
- Hammarfelt, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Are evaluative bibliometrics neoliberal? A historical and theoretical problematization
- 2023
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Ingår i: Social Science Information. - : Sage Publications. - 0539-0184 .- 1461-7412.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we problematize the notion that the continuously growing use of bibliometric evaluation can be effectively explained by ‘neoliberal’ ideology. A prerequisite for our analysis is an understanding of neoliberalism as both denoting a more limited set of concrete principles for the organization of society (the narrow interpretation) or as a hegemonic ideology (the broad interpretation). This conceptual framework, as well as brief history of evaluative bibliometrics, provides an analytical framing for our approach, in which four national research evaluation systems are compared: Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. On basis of an analysis of the rationales for implementing these systems, as well as their specific design, we discuss the existence or non-existence of neoliberal motivations and rationales. Overall, we find that a relatively homogeneous academic landscape, with a high degree of centralization and government steering, appears to be a common feature for countries implementing national evaluation systems relying on bibliometrics. Such characteristics, we argue, may not be inductively understood as neoliberal but as indications of national states displaying strong political steering of its research system. Consequently, if used without further clarification, ‘neoliberalism’ is a concept too broad and diluted to be useful when analyzing the development of research evaluation and bibliometric measures in the past half a century.
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| 9. |
- Hammarfelt, Björn
(författare)
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Discipline
- 2020
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Ingår i: Knowledge organization. - Würzburg : Ergon-Verlag. - 0943-7444. ; 47:3, s. 244-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- “Discipline” is commonly used to denote particular areas of knowledge, research and education. Yet, the concept is often not very well defined or even explicitly discussed when used in knowledge organisation and related fields. The aim of this article is to encourage and facilitate further reflections on academic disciplines, while at the same time offering insights on how this elusive concept might be understood. An overarching argument is that “discipline” should foremost be understood in relation to institutional and organisational features, and this is what distinguishes it from related terms such as, field, domain or topic. The etymology and history of the concept are reviewed along with a discussion of attempts to define and conceptualise disciplines. Insights are offered on how disciplines might be studied. Regardless of our views of disciplines, either as inherently out-dated constructs or as important features of a well-functioning academia, it is concluded that further precision or care in explicating the concept is needed.
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| 10. |
- Hammarfelt, Björn
(författare)
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Discipline
- 2024
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Ingår i: Elgar Encyclopedia of Interdisciplinarity and Transdisciplinarity. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781035317950 ; , s. 182-185
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Academic disciplines demarcate, organise, and structure specific branches of knowledge. From a sociological perspective, they regulate reward structures and labour markets through the allocation of prestige and status. Disciplines emerged simultaneously with the modern research university and the establishment of a formalised system for scholarly communication. The establishment of modern disciplines as the principal unit for organising knowledge in academia is largely a history of formalisation, stabilisation, and bureaucratisation. The importance of disciplines as areas for knowledge generation has weakened over time, but their role in guiding how knowledge is disseminated, stabilised, and transferred remains. While many disciplines are rather stable in their organisation, they are also continuously challenged as new fields emerge, while others disappear. Their importance for how academic knowledge is conducted, taught, organised, and evaluated remains however strong, and an understanding of how disciplines function is essential for anyone aiming to study the production of academic knowledge.
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