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- Oberg, ANV, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of occult tumour cells in lymph nodes of colorectal cancer patients using real-time quantitative RT-PCR for CEA and CK20 mRNAS
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - Geneve : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 111:1, s. 101-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of our study was to develop specific, sensitive, objective assays for early detection of disseminated tumour cells in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) were chosen as markers because they are selectively expressed in epithelial cells with maintained expression in CRC. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR assays with RNA copy standards were constructed. Regional lymph nodes were collected from patients with CRC (n = 5 1) and benign intestinal disease (n = 10). Results were compared to routine histopathology and anti-CEA immunohistochemistry. Lymph node levels of CEA and CK20 mRNA correlated strongly (p < 0.0001, r = 0.8). Lymph nodes from non-CRC patients had <0.01 CEA and <0.001 CK20 mRNA copies/18S rRNA unit. Lymph nodes from 3/6 Dukes' A, 17/26 Dukes' B, 10/10 Dukes' C and 7/9 Dukes' D patients had CEA mRNA levels above cut-off. Corresponding figures for CK20 mRNA were 3/6, 10/26, 9/10 and 5/9, respectively. CEA mRNA levels varied from 0.001 to 100 copies/18S rRNA unit in Dukes' A and B, and 50% of the Dukes' B patients had CEA mRNA levels within the range of Dukes' C patients. Three Dukes' B patients have died from CRC or developed distant metastases. All 3 had high CEA and CK20 mRNA levels. Determination of mRNA was superior to immunohistochemistry in showing CEA expression in lymph nodes. The present qRT-PCR assay for CEA mRNA seems to be a superior tool to identify individuals with disseminated tumour cells. Future extended studies will establish the clinically most relevant cut-off level. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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- Gillander Gådin, Katja, et al.
(författare)
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Do changes in the psychosocial school environment influence pupils' health development? Results from a three-year follow-up study
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 31:3, s. 169-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: This study analysed the effects of psychosocial factors at school on pupils' health and self-worth from a longitudinal perspective. Methods: A three-year prospective study was started in 1994, including 533 pupils (261 girls, 272 boys) from 25 different classes in grades 3 and 6. With age-adjusted questionnaires the changes in self-perceived health were compared with changes in psychosocial school environmental factors. Results: The girls in the older cohort reported a negative health development with decreased self-worth and increased somatic and psychological symptoms. Significant gender differences in ill health, but not in self-worth, developed, especially in the older cohort. A multiple regression analysis showed that a negative development of psychosocial factors at school, measured as control, demand, and classmate problems, was associated with poorer health and self-worth among the pupils. A trichotomization of the psychosocial variables at school indicated a possible causal relationship between psychosocial factors and ill health and self-worth. Conclusions: The negative development in pupils' health and self-worth could partly be explained by the more unfavourable psychosocial environment that prevails at school at the senior level. The public health implications of our study can be summarized as the need for schools to improve pupils' social situation at school in relation to their work situation as well as to pay special attention to the school situation of girls at senior level.
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- Gådin, Katja, et al.
(författare)
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'We won't let them keep us quiet...' : Gendered strategies in the negotiation of power-implications for pupils' health and school health promotion
- 2000
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Ingår i: Health Promotion International. - 0957-4824 .- 1460-2245. ; 15:4, s. 303-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this qualitative study was to analyse gendered strategies among pupils in the negotiation of power at school, and to discuss possible implications for health. Twenty-seven single-sex focus group interviews were conducted with pupils from equal opportunity projects The interviews were analysed using grounded theory. The girls used 'alliance building' and 'resistance: in order to increase their power, while 'responsibility taking' and 'withdrawal' could mean maintained subordination. The boys used mastering techniques (various types of abuse, claiming to be the norm, acting-out behaviour, blaming the girls, choosing boys only) in self-interest to maintain their dominance. The girls' active and democratic actions far increased power could be of significant importance for their health. The boys' health would benefit if they gave up striving for power over others School health promotion needs to address the asymmetric and gendered distribution of power between pupils, as well as to challenge the existing gender regime at an institutional level.
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