| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Brolin, Erik, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of body shape data based digital human models for ergonomics simulations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th International Digital Human Modeling Symposium (DHM 2022), August 29–30, 2022, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. - : University of Iowa Press. - 9780984037841 ; , s. 1-9
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the development of body-shape-data-based digital human models, i.e. manikins, for ergonomics simulations. In digital human modeling (DHM) tools, it is important that the generated manikin models are accurate and representative for different body sizes and shapes as well as being able to scale and move during motion simulations. The developed DHM models described in this paper are based on body scan data from the CAESAR anthropometric survey. The described development process consists of six steps and includes alignment of body scans, fitting of template mesh through homologous body modeling, statistical prediction of body shape, joint centre prediction, adjustment of posture to T-pose, and, finally, generation of a relation between predicted mesh and manikin mesh. The implemented method can be used to create any type of manikin size that can be directly used in a simulation. To evaluate the results, a comparison was done of original body scans and statistically predicted meshes generated in an intermediary step, as well as the resulting DHM manikins. The accuracy of the statistically predicted meshes are relatively good, even though differences can be seen, mostly related to postural differences and differences around smaller areas with distinct shapes. The biggest differences between the final manikin models and the original scans can be found in the shoulder and abdominal areas, in addition to the significantly different initial posture that the manikin models have. To further improve and evaluate the generated manikin models, additional body scan data sets that include more diverse postures would be useful. DHM tool functionality could also be improved to enable evaluation of the accuracy of the generated manikin models, possibly resulting in DHM tools that are more compliant with standard documents. At the same time, standard documents might need to be updated in some aspects to include more three-dimensional accuracy analysis.
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| 3. |
- Brolin, Erik, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Skewed Boundary Confidence Ellipses for Anthropometric Data
- 2020
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Ingår i: DHM2020. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643681047 - 9781643681054 ; , s. 18-27
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some anthropometric measurements, such as body weight often show a positively skewed distribution. Different types of transformations can be applied when handling skewed data in order to make the data more normally distributed. This paper presents and visualises how square root, log normal and, multiplicative inverse transformations can affect the data when creating boundary confidence ellipses. The paper also shows the difference of created manikin families, i.e. groups of manikin cases, when using transformed distributions or not, for three populations with different skewness. The results from the study show that transforming skewed distributions when generating confidence ellipses and boundary cases is appropriate to more accurately consider this type of diversity and correctly describe the shape of the actual skewed distribution. Transforming the data to create accurate boundary confidence regions is thought to be advantageous, as this would create digital manikins with enhanced accuracy that would produce more realistic and accurate simulations and evaluations when using DHM tools for the design of products and workplaces.
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| 4. |
- Browne, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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MIND THE GAP: THE INTERFACE BETWEEN AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES AND THE LOGISTICS SYSTEM
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose Using autonomous vehicles in goods transport has potential benefits. However, the transition to a future autonomous (and electric) freight system needs to take account of the interface between the vehicle and other parts of the logistics system in order to exploit potential benefits and overcome challenges related to the absence of a driver. The purpose of the research is to identify the prerequisites for achieving automated loading, unloading, related information handling and in-plant transport at these interfaces. Research Approach Cases studies consider senders and receivers of various products as well as organisations that have a role including real estate companies that develop warehouses and terminals. The case studies consider vehicle and handling equipment technology alongside the processes that may need to change if the efficiency gains of an autonomous vehicle are to be realised. Research questions are addressed at the logistics system level. The cases studies combine questions about logistics process and technology alongside those concerned with underlying business models. Findings and Originality Results presented are at the half way stage of a two-year project and will be based on the initial series of interviews for four case studies. Findings so far include: (1) lack of development in this topic compared with interest in autonomous and automated transport (2) importance of organisational ssues in the logistics chain e.g. contractual relationships (3) importance of taking a broad view of the companies that need to be involved (4) product type and characteristics are important but other factors may have more influence on the scope to develop initiatives in this area. Research Impact The research provides insights into the complexity of the interfaces in autonomous and automated transport and logistics systems. The empirical findings enrich the discussion of this field. Combining insights from logistics, technology, materials handling and business has demonstrated the benefits of an interdisciplinary approach. Practical Impact Autonomous transport systems may bring many commercial benefits. However, the scale of these benefits will be significantly diminished if questions about the interface points in the logistics system are not addressed. The outputs of the research will provide important insights for managers addressing these challenges.
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| 5. |
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DHM2020 : Proceedings of the 6th International Digital Human Modeling Symposium, August 31 - September 2, 2020
- 2020
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book of proceedings contains papers accepted for the 6th International Digital Human Modeling Symposium (DHM2020), hosted by the University of Skövde in Sweden, and held at the ASSAR Industrial Innovation Arena in Skövde, as well as online, August 31 – September 2, 2020. The proceedings of DHM2020 consists of 43 papers subdivided into six parts, reflecting the topics addressed at the symposium. Part 1 is entitled Anthropometry. It contains papers on the collection and processing of anthropometric data, and on the development of methods for how to use anthropometric data in DHM settings, e.g. in the design of truck interiors and protective equipment. Also included in this part are methods for handling 3D scan data, skewed data, and how to generate full body shapes with a limited number of measures. Part 2 is entitled Behaviour and Biomechanical Modeling. It contains papers on cognitive modeling of roadside human interactions, and on physical musculoskeletal modelling of jaw motions. Modelling of hand-eye strategies and vision behaviour are covered, representing areas in the intersection of cognitive and physical modelling. Also presented are modelling technologies, including optimal control and neural networks. Part 3 is entitled Human Motion Data Collection and Modeling. It contains papers on reach and grasp modelling, as well as posture stability and hand trajectories. This part also includes papers on how to gather motion data with 3D textiles and smart clothing, and how to store motion data in databases. Part 4 is entitled Human-Product Interaction Modeling. It contains papers on how vehicle drivers interact with automotive interiors. Seat interaction for vehicle drivers and pilots is presented, as well as papers on models for human-seat foam interaction. Also included in this part is modelling of exoskeleton as a human support. Part 5 is entitled Industry and User Perspectives. It contains papers on both industry, health, and medical sector perspectives. Examples are given on applications of DHM software and associated technologies. Future needs and identified gaps are discussed. Several papers focus on usability of DHM software, both on desktop and in VR. Also included in this part is gamification of DHM. Part 6 is entitled Production Planning and Ergonomics Evaluation. It contains papers on DHM as an ergonomics evaluation tool. Gender perspectives on DHM are presented, as well as a case from the maritime sector. The development of a multi-objective approach for DHM simulation and evaluation is presented. DHM simulations are compared with motion capture data. Also included in this part are DHM tools with VR functionality, combined with motion capture and AI technologies.
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| 6. |
- Elango, Veeresh, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of upper body postural assessment of forklift driving using a single depth camera
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th International Digital Human Modeling Symposium (DHM 2022), August 29–30, 2022, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. - : University of Iowa Press. - 9780984037841 ; , s. 1-12
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Observational postural assessment methods which are commonly used in industry are time consuming and have issues of inter- and intra-rater reliability. Computer vision (CV) based methodshave been proposed, but they have mainly been tested inside lab environments. This study aims to develop and evaluate an upper body postural assessment system in a real industry environment using a single depth camera and OpenPose for the task of forklift driving. The results were compared with XSens, an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) based system. Data from three forklift drivers performing seven indoor and outdoor tasks were recorded with a depth camera and XSens sensors. The data were then analyzed with OpenPose with additional custom processing. The angles calculated by the computer vision system showed small errors compared to the XSens system and generally followed the trend of the XSens system joint angle values. However, the results after applying ergonomic thresholds were vastly different and the two systems rarely agreed. These findings suggest that the CV system needs further study to improve the robustness on self-occlusion and angle calculations. Also,XSens needs further study to assess its consistency and reliability in industrial environments.
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| 7. |
- Ervasti, Jenni, et al.
(författare)
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Long working hours and risk of 50 health conditions and mortality outcomes : a multicohort study in four European countries
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Lancet Regional Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-7762. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies on the association between long working hours and health have captured only a narrow range of outcomes (mainly cardiometabolic diseases and depression) and no outcome-wide studies on this topic are available. To achieve wider scope of potential harm, we examined long working hours as a risk factor for a wide range of disease and mortality endpoints.Methods: The data of this multicohort study were from two population cohorts from Finland (primary analysis, n=59 599) and nine cohorts (replication analysis, n=44 262) from Sweden, Denmark, and the UK, all part of the Individual-participant Meta-analysis in Working Populations (IPD-Work) consortium. Baseline-assessed long working hours (≥55 hours per week) were compared to standard working hours (35-40 h). Outcome measures with follow-up until age 65 years were 46 diseases that required hospital treatment or continuous pharmacotherapy, all-cause, and three cause-specific mortality endpoints, ascertained via linkage to national health and mortality registers.Findings: 2747 (4·6%) participants in the primary cohorts and 3027 (6·8%) in the replication cohorts worked long hours. After adjustment for age, sex, and socioeconomic status, working long hours was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular death (hazard ratio 1·68; 95% confidence interval 1·08-2·61 in primary analysis and 1·52; 0·90-2·58 in replication analysis), infections (1·37; 1·13-1·67 and 1·45; 1·13-1·87), diabetes (1·18; 1·01-1·38 and 1·41; 0·98-2·02), injuries (1·22; 1·00-1·50 and 1·18; 0·98-1·18) and musculoskeletal disorders (1·15; 1·06-1·26 and 1·13; 1·00-1·27). Working long hours was not associated with all-cause mortality.Interpretation: Follow-up of 50 health outcomes in four European countries suggests that working long hours is associated with an elevated risk of early cardiovascular death and hospital-treated infections before age 65. Associations, albeit weak, were also observed with diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders and injuries. In these data working long hours was not related to elevated overall mortality.
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| 8. |
- Fager, Patrik, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Gripper types and components in robotic bin picking
- 2020
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Ingår i: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1868-4238 .- 1868-422X. ; 591, s. 267-274
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- While automation is increasingly applied in production processes, it is still rarely used for the core picking activity in kitting and order picking. As picking activities often involves a large number of stock-keeping units (SKUs) with different characteristics, what gripper to use is a central aspect when robotics is applied. The aim of this paper is to improve the understanding of the relationship between gripper types and component characteristics in robotic applications for preparation of component kits. The aim is addressed by means of an experiment in a laboratory setting where a two-finger gripper and a vacuum-gripper are applied for grasping a variety of components in a kit preparation process. The two gripper types are studied with respect to important component characteristics for their suitability, and how the two gripper types compare from an efficiency standpoint. The paper’s findings are useful for practitioners when introducing robotic bin picking. The paper also makes an important contribution to academia in studying the effects of robot picking applications empirically, laying grounds for focused future studies within this area.
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| 9. |
- Fager, Patrik, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Links between kit quality and kit preparation design
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 58:18, s. 5525-5539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kitting is a materials-feeding principle commonly used with mixed-model assembly, but literature is lacking with respect to how kit quality can be supported. The purpose of this paper is to create an understanding of the links between kit preparation design aspects and kit preparation error types, that can be useful to support kit quality. The paper draws on empirical data from a multiple case study in the automotive industry to study how typical kit errors are linked to eight kit preparation design aspects: location, work organisation, storage policy, batching policy, storage packaging, kit carrier and container, picking information system, and error communication. The findings suggest several opportunities related to kit preparation design aspects for preventing kit errors and facilitating kit error corrections. The paper extends earlier knowledge and can support kit quality of industrial kit preparation.
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| 10. |
- Fager, Patrik, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Supporting flexibility of kit preparation for mixed_model assembly
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management. - 1742-7975 .- 1742-7967. ; 40:4, s. 541-560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flexibility is key with mixed-model assembly, and kitting is often applied here as a flexible approach of materials supply. While the flexibility benefits of kitting are understood, there has been a lack of guidance on how to support flexibility of the kit preparation process. Accordingly, this paper’s purpose is to support the design of flexible processes for kit preparation.To achieve this, a framework is developed based on empirical data from five industrial cases. Flexibility is considered amongst five flexibility types – new product, modification, mix, volume and delivery – and six kit preparation design aspects: location, layout, work organisation, packaging, material-handling equipment, and picking information system. The paper contributes guidance of how to support kit preparation flexibility within industry, which has been rare in literature. Several of the findings may be exploited in similar contexts, for example in warehouse order picking and assembly.
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