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| 2. |
- Arvidsson, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Discrepancies in pain presentation caused by adverse psychosocial conditions as compared to pain due to high physical workload?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation. - 1875-9270. ; 41, s. 2472-2475
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disorders in the musculoskeletal system have been associated with a high physical workload as well as psychosocial and individual factors. It is however not obvious which of these factors that is most important to prevent. Musculoskeletal disorders in neck and upper extremity was assessed by interview and clinical examination in 79 teachers and 93 assisting nurses, all females. Psychosocial work environment was assessed by questionnaire. The physical workload was recorded by technical measurements of postures, movements and muscular load, in 9 teachers and 12 nurses. The physical workload was lower among the teachers, but they had a more demanding psychosocial work environment. Among the nurses, but not in the teachers, the neck-shoulder disorders were associated with a high body mass index (BMI). The teachers reported neck-shoulder complaints to a higher extent than the nurses, but had much lower prevalence of diagnoses in the clinical examination (12% vs. 25%; POR 0.3 CI 0.1 - 1.2; adjusted for age and BMI). The results suggest that adverse psychosocial conditions among the teachers give rise to a different kind of pain in the neck-shoulder region than from physical overload, troublesome but not as severe as the one afflicting the nurses.
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| 3. |
- Arvidsson, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Rationalization in meat cutting - Consequences on physical workload.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-9126 .- 0003-6870. ; 43:6, s. 1026-1032
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Meat cutting is associated with several ergonomic risk factors and a high risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The development of new production systems points to an increased degree of mechanization; instead of subdividing split carcasses of pigs with a knife, the halves are trisected by an electrical saw into 'sixth-parts', resulting in shorter work cycles for the workers. Recently, machine-directed line-production systems have been implemented. This study evaluates differences in the physical workload between the production systems. The postures and movements (inclinometry and goniometry) and muscular load (electromyography) of workers in the split-carcass- (five subjects), sixth-part- (ten) and line-production systems (five) were recorded. Most measures showed a statistically significant trend of declining physical exposure with increasing degrees of mechanization. For example, movement velocities of the upper arm were higher in the split-carcass system (50th percentile: mean 209°/s) than in the sixth-part (103°/s) and line production (81°/s). However, the latter two were not statistically significantly different. A novel method for quantifying posture variation, based on inclinometry, showed that the split-carcass system implied the highest variation of the upper arm postures "within-minute" (i.e., a high range of motion each minute), but the lowest "between-minute" (i.e., a low variation during the course of the workday). In conclusion, the physical workload in the line-production system was significantly lower than in the split-carcass one, and tended also to be lower than in the sixth-part system. However, there may be disadvantages in line production, such as machine-directed work pace and shorter work cycles.
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| 5. |
- Batistao, Mariana Vieira, et al.
(författare)
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Furniture dimensions and postural overload for schoolchildren's head, upper back and upper limbs
- 2012
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Ingår i: Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation. - 1875-9270. ; 41, s. 4817-4824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate how the fixed furniture dimensions match with students' anthropometry and to describe head, upper back and upper limbs postures and movements. Evaluation was performed in 48 students from a Brazilian state school. Furniture dimensions were measured with metric tape, movements and postures by inclinometers (Logger Tecknologi, Akarp, Sweden). Seat height was high for 21% and low for 36% of the students; seat length was short for 45% and long for 9% and table height was high for 53% and low for 28%. Regression analysis showed that seat/popliteal height quotient is explained by 90th percentile of upper back inclination (beta=0.410) and 90th percentile of right upper arm elevation (beta=-0.293). For seat/thigh length quotient the significant variables were 90th percentile of upper back velocity (beta=-0.282) and 90th percentile of right upper arm elevation (beta=0.410). This study showed a relationship between furniture mismatch and postural overload. When the seat height is low students increase upper back left inclination and right upper arm elevation; when the seat is short students decrease the upper back flexion velocity and increase right upper arm elevation.
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| 6. |
- Carnaz, Leticia, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison between flexible electrogoniometers, inclinometers and three-dimensional video analysis system for recording neck movement
- 2013
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Ingår i: Medical Engineering & Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4030 .- 1350-4533. ; 35:11, s. 1629-1637
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study compared neck range of movement recording using three different methods goniometers (EGM), inclinometers (INC) and a three-dimensional video analysis system (IMG) in simultaneous and synchronized data collection. Twelve females performed neck flexion-extension, lateral flexion, rotation and circumduction. The differences between EGM, INC, and IMG were calculated sample by sample. For flexion-extension movement, IMG underestimated the amplitude by 13%; moreover, EGM showed a crosstalk of about 20% for lateral flexion and rotation axes. In lateral flexion movement, all systems showed similar amplitude and the inter-system differences were moderate (4-7%). For rotation movement, EGM showed a high crosstalk (13%) for flexion-extension axis. During the circumduction movement, IMG underestimated the amplitude of flexion-extension movements by about 11%, and the inter-system differences were high (about 17%) except for INC-IMG regarding lateral flexion (7%) and EGM-INC regarding flexion-extension (10%). For application in workplace, INC presents good results compared to IMG and EGM though INC cannot record rotation. EGM should be improved in order to reduce its crosstalk errors and allow recording of the full neck range of movement. Due to non-optimal positioning of the cameras for recording flexion-extension, IMG underestimated the amplitude of these movements. (C) 2013 IPEM. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Hansson, Gert-Åke
(författare)
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Letter to the Editor
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomechanics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2380 .- 0021-9290. ; 44:8, s. 1637-1637
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Hansson, Gert-Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Physical workload in various types of work: Part II. Neck, shoulder and upper arm
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8141. ; 40:3, s. 267-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To explore the correlation between, and the variation in, various measures of exposure to potential risk factors for work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UE-WMSDs), physical workload was measured in 43 types of work (713 individuals), using inclinometry for the head and upper arms, and electromyography (EMG) for the trapezius muscles. Many exposure measures were highly correlated. Head flexion (90th percentile), extension (1st percentile), and movements (50th percentile); arm elevation (99th percentile) and movements (50th percentile); trapezius muscular rest (fraction of time) and peak load (90th percentile), constitute main exposure dimensions. The variations were large: head: flexion 9 degrees-63 degrees, extension -39 degrees-4 degrees, movements 2.3-33 degrees/s; arm: elevation 49 degrees-124 degrees, movements 3.0-103 degrees/s; trapezius: muscular rest 0.8%-52% of time, peak load 3.1%-24% of maximal EMC. Even within work categories, e.g. "repetitive industrial", there were large variations. Somewhat higher loads were recorded on the right as compared to the left side (differences: arm elevation 2, arm movements 19%; trapezius peak load 18%), but these were small compared to the differences due to work. There were high correlations between movements of arm and head (r(s) = 0.96), as well as arm and wrist (r(s) = 0.92), and between, on the one hand, trapezius muscular rest and peak load, and on the other, arm and head movements (vertical bar r(s)vertical bar = 0.47-0.62), as well as arm elevation (vertical bar r(s)vertical bar = 0.54-0.85), which has to be considered when assessing exposure-response relations. Relevance to industry: Direct measurements provide objective and quantitative data of the main physical risk factors for UE-WMSDs, appropriate for estimating the risk, as well as giving priority to and evaluating interventions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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