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Bibliotekarier i teori och praktik : utbildningsperspektiv på en unik profession
- 2018
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den ständigt närvarande diskussionen om bibliotekarieprofessionens innehåll och utveckling finns återkommande frågan om utbildningens roll. I takt med att samhället blir alltmer komplext söker också biblioteken en breddad bas av kompetenser för sin verksamhet, något som gör att bibliotekariens grundkompetens ibland ter sig otydlig. Ofta talas det om ett "glapp" mellan det utbildningsbehov som finns i bibliotekens praktiska vardag och det innehåll som bjuds inom de biblioteks- och informationsvetenskapliga utbildningarna.I den här antologin samlas ett tjugotal bibloteks- och informationsvetenskapliga forskare och diskuterar sina specialområdens relevans för bibliotekariernas praktiska arbete. Grundfrågan är enkel: på vilket sätt bidrar en biblioteks- och informationsvetenskaplig utbildning och forskning till en stärkt bibliotekarieprofession? Svaret ges genom betraktelser av bibliotekariens professionsutövning utifrån ett renodlat utbildningsperspektiv. Bilden som framträder är bred och mångfacetterad. Ämnesområden som medie- och informationskunskap, bibliometri, professionellt språkbruk, praktikens betydelse i utbildningen, professionsetik, den historiska utvecklingen av bibliotekarieutbildningen i Sverige samt arbete med aktuella samhällsutmaningar är bara några av de teman som tas upp.Frågor som rör relationen mellan forskning, utbildning och praktik i dagens biblioteksvärld diskuteras genom exempel och en unik bild av bibliotekarienas professionella identitet träder fram. Bokens texter ställer också den egna verksamheten, bibliotekarieutbildningen, i ett kritiskt ljus och diskuterar hur en utveckling kan ske inom de ramar som styr utbildningens och forskningens möjligheter.
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| 2. |
- Dahlström, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Documentary Provenance and Digitized Collections
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Document Academy (DOCAM) Annual meeting 2019 of Documents and Data.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For decades, memory institutions such as libraries and archives have been engaged in digitizing cultural heritage materials in their holdings (also in the form of large private-public partnerships such as Google Books). The collections usually take on the form of image reproductions (scans, digital photographs), text transcriptions (OCR’d or manually keyed) and varying degrees and types of metadata (usually legal and rudimentary bibliographic metadata). Although there are signs that public funding for large-scale digitization is decreasing in the US and many European countries, significant resources are still being invested in digitization. A whole range of humanities research depends on having these digitized collections available. Further, in humanities research such as digital scholarly editing, digital reproductions produced by memory institutions are not only referred to but incorporated as building blocks in the editions themselves. In such cases, they are not only used as mere illustrations accompanying a scholarly text transcription, but can also serve as research tools and as instruments for accountability and accessibility. Nevertheless, the critical inquiry of scholarly editors is directed towards text transcriptions, whereas digital images are often uncritically taken at face value, as objective representations of the source documents. There seems to be room for an increased critical understanding of such images as interpretations based on scholarly informed deliberation, or a ’document criticism’ for digital image reproductions in the manner of how textual criticism has been established since centuries to establish the history, relation and provenance of texts and their versions. Partly, this face value approach is fostered by mass digitization, with projects such as Google Books as a paradigm, where there is little room for scholarly considerations during the image capture. As a result, image capture is portrayed as a fairly trivial and straightforward task that can be more or less automated. But there are in fact many types and levels of library digitization, suggesting a map of variety with mass digitization in one corner and what has been termed critical or slow digitization in the other. The choices made in terms of preferred processes have been shown to matter to the way memory institutions such as museums, archives and libraries are conceived of (Dahlström, Hansson and Kjellman 2012).A relatively small amount of research has explored the accuracy, usability and reusability of these digital representations to humanities scholars, the kind of research questions they open up for, and what degree of authenticity and trust we are able to ascribe to them. This paper explores the needs and potentials of such keys, instruments with which users can “investigate the road that documents have travelled”, to use the phrase from the CFP for this conference. What pieces of information (if any) do the digitizing institutions provide for users to ascertain the link between the digital representation on screen and the physical source document it purports to represent? The paper will:address some of the critical considerations libraries and archives face when digitizing their holdings of text-based materials, with significant bearing on the value and (re)usability of the digital reproductions when placed within a scholarly contextdiscuss if and how scholarly inquiry is hindered by the way digitized collections are selected, formatted, made available and presenteddiscuss crucial concepts to understand the relation between digital image reproductions and represented sources, andpropose research avenues for exploring these concepts and questions in depth.Key concepts discussed in the paper are:mass/speedy digitization versus critical/slow digitization and their un/critical management of digital reproductionsrelation between source and reproduction:linearityhistorical provenance (to a single object, to several objects, or to a series of historical anchor points) and the variety of potential trajectoriesauthenticity, faithfulness and exhaustiveness of digital reproductions vis-à-vis sourcestransparency and keys:metadata and paradata (paradata concerns the processes of collecting, digitizing and curating the materials)The digital image reproduction invokes the virtual presence of the source, so the bond between reproduction and source is not only graphical and material but is also defined by a retrospective relationship between two points in history, the then and the now. A heightened awareness of this on the basis of a dedicated image criticism could serve as an incentive for digitizing institutions to increase the transparency of the production history of such images and to subject their degree of authenticity and (un)certainty to better scrutiny. Exhaustive paradata and metadata for the images, for instance, might be of paramount importance, providing information about states, production history, and digital provenance. What is missing for many current reproductions in digitized collections is the historical-bibliographical link between, on the one hand, what we see on the screen and, on the other, a particular identified artefact in a physical collection. In other words, which document was actually used when producing a given digital reproduction?
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- Dahlström, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Documentary Provenance and Digitized Collections : Concepts and Problems
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings from the Document Academy. - Akron, OH : The University of Akron Press. - 2473-215X. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Provenance research in digitized memory institution collections is mainly devoted to documenting and mapping the trajectories of the physical source documents across time, place and contexts, primarily by developing metadata standards and data models. The provenance of the digital reproduction and its relation to one or several physical source documents is however not being subjected to much inquiry. A possible explanation for this is the face-value approach with which we tend to regard digital reproductions. Looking more closely at such reproductions and their complex digitization process suggests a far from straightforward and linear provenance relation, and begs the question of what it is we actually see on the screen and what source document the digital reproduction purports to reproduce. To ascertain this provenance bond and hence the value, authenticity and usability of the digital reproduction, users need to be provided with keys such as a thorough account of the digitization process, access to various states of the digital images, exhaustive metadata for the reproduction, and not least paradata documenting the digitization process, including conversion, editing, curation, and decisions made during the process.
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- Golub, Koraljka, et al.
(författare)
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(Big) Data in Library and Information Science : A Brief Overview of Some Important Problem Areas
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of universal computer science (Online). - : J.UCS consortium. - 0948-695X .- 0948-6968. ; 23:11, s. 1098-1108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Libraries hold a long history of a multidimensional focus on collecting, storing, organizing, preserving and providing access to information resources for various types of users. Data is nothing new to Library and Information Science (LIS) and Big Data presents a quantitative expansion of an already well-known object of study. Scholarly communication, data sharing and data curation are three areas related to data in LIS and are discussed in this paper in the light of current developments as well as from the perspective of attaining the research area relevance in the discipline over time. Big Data, new technologies and networked research environments will continue to increase both in numbers and size. LIS is rapidly developing tools to meet the opportunities arising - through educational initiatives and the development of new research areas such as data curation and altmetrics. Since social and political demands for open data grow, these issues are pressing.
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| 5. |
- Golub, Koraljka, et al.
(författare)
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Cult of the "I" : Organizational symbolism and curricula in three Scandinavian iSchools with comparisons to three American
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Documentation. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0022-0418 .- 1758-7379. ; 73:1, s. 48-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to analyse three Scandinavian iSchools in Denmark, Norway and Sweden with regard to their intentions of becoming iSchools and curriculum content in relation to these intentions. By doing so, a picture will be given of the international expansion of the iSchool concept in terms of organisational symbolism and practical educational content. In order to underline the approaches of the Scandinavian schools, comparisons are made to three American iSchools.Design/methodology/approachThe study is framed through theory on organisational symbolism and the intentions of the iSchool movement as formulated in its vision statements. Empirically, the study consists of two parts: close readings of three documents outlining the considerations of three Scandinavian LIS schools before applying for the iSchool status, and statistical analysis of 427 syllabi from master level courses at three Scandinavian and three American iSchools.FindingsAll three Scandinavian schools, analysed, have recently become iSchools, and though some differences are visible, it is hard to distinguish anything in their syllabi as carriers of what can be described as an iSchool identity. In considering iSchool identity, it instead benefits on a symbolic level that are most prominent, such as branding, social visibility and the possible attraction of new student groups. The traditionally strong relation to national library sectors are emphasised as important to maintain, specifically in Norway and Sweden.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is done on iSchools in Denmark, Norway and Sweden with empirical comparison to three American schools. These comparisons face the challenge of meeting the educational system and programme structure of each individual country. Despite this, findings prove possible to use as ground for conclusions, although empirical generalisations concerning, for instance, other countries must be made with caution.Practical implicationsThis study highlights the practical challenges met in international expansion of the iSchool movement, both on a practical and symbolic level. Both the iSchool Caucus and individual schools considering becoming iSchools may use these findings as a point of reference in development and decision making.Originality/valueThis is an original piece of research from which the results may contribute to the international development of the iSchool movement, and extend the theoretical understanding of the iSchool movement as an educational and organisational construct.
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| 8. |
- Hammarfelt, Björn, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Scientific publications as boundary objects : theorising the intersection of classification and research evaluation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Information research. - Borås : University of Borås. - 1368-1613. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. When using bibliometrics for research evaluation, the classification of research fields is an issue of great importance. The purpose of this paper is to outline a brief theoretical framework for analysing the role of classification in research evaluation practices. Theory. Taking departure in the concept of ‘boundary objects’ we develop a theoretical framework for analyses of how scientific publications negotiate between different social worlds. Moreover, by adding the perspective of large evaluative infrastructures our study seeks to highlight tensions between local practices and global standards. Empirical example. One scientific article was analysed in terms of the different ways it can be classified on author and affiliation levels, on a documental level, and on a bureaucratic level. Discussion. Publications are boundary objects residing between social worlds: the context of communication and the context of evaluation. Tensions between social worlds become apparent in infrastructures, which aims to serve the demands both of communication and of evaluation.
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| 10. |
- Hansson, Joacim, 1966-
(författare)
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Catching the Ch'i : Tai Chi Chuan as embodied documentation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Annual Meeting of the Document Academy (DOCAM).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tai Chi is a form of moving deep meditation practice of Chinese origin. Rooted in Daoism, its earliest history is obscure, with evidence suggesting that it has been practiced in a growing variety of forms since at least the 13th century CE. Today, Tai Chi is gaining popularity all over the world as a form of relaxation practice. When presented popularily it is often attached to, on the one hand, a romanticized eastern discourse on bodily energy flows to be released for increased happiness, and on the other hand, more clinically oriented medical claims that it may cure everything from ordinary backpains to Parkinson’s disease. Tai Chi is, however, also subjected to a more narrow and original discourse, namely that of not only ”releasing” inner energies, but more specifically representing a special kind of energy, the Ch’i. Elusive as it is, Ch’i is the basic energetic principle that lies behind the construct of Yin and Yang, the creative/receiving principles of all life defined in the I Ching. This representational feature which sets Tai Chi (which translates as the ”supreme ultimate”) apart from all other Chinese medical practice begs the question of whether it is possible to study the Tai Chi form as a document in itself, not only representing, but also presenting the basic principles of life.This presentation addresses Tai Chi practice as performative documentation and the purpose is to try it against some of the basic concepts which have emerged in document studies and information studies over the last couple of decades. The aim is to see how far the concept of a document can be stretched when there is an absence of materiality, both in that what is being represented by the document and in the document itself.The presentation defines an ”initial document” (the Tai Chi form itself), supplemented by ”derived documentation” as defined by documentation pioneer Suzanne Briet. Derived documentation in Tai Chi is shown as an overview of rhetorical constructs focusing philosophical, medical, pedagogical and martial arts related content. Three basic categories of functionality are identified in the derived documentation; ontological, performative, and legitimizing.The Tai Chi form as initial document, with support of derived documentation and its functional categories, is treated as a complex of documentation, addressed in relation to current discussions in document studies concerning (1) document representativity as originally laid out by Suzanne Briet in her 1951 treatise ”What is Documentation?”, and (2) complementarity as introduced in document studies by Niels W. Lund in 2004. Conclusions suggests that chosen conceptual constructs may be used in addressing and defining documentary properties and processes beyond our traditional understanding of documents and documentation processes, and that in such a development, Tai Chi may be formulated as a kind of embodied documentation.
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