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| 2. |
- Mazumder, D. N. G., et al.
(författare)
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Bronchiectasis in persons with skin lesions resulting from arsenic in drinking water
- 2005
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 16:6, s. 760-765
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Arsenic is a unique human carcinogen in that it causes lung cancer by exposure through ingestion (in drinking water) as well as through inhalation. Less is known about nonmalignant pulmonary disease after exposure to arsenic in drinking water. Methods: We recruited 108 subjects with arsenic-caused skin lesions and 150 subjects without lesions from a population survey of over 7000 people in an arsenic-exposed region in West Bengal, India. Thirty-eight study participants who reported at least 2 years of chronic cough underwent high-resolution computed tomography (CT); these scans were read by investigators in India and the United States without knowledge of the presence or absence of skin lesions. Results: The mean ( +/- standard deviation) bronchiectasis severity score was 3.4 ( +/- 3.6) in the 27 participants with skin lesions and 0.9 ( +/- 1.6) in the 11 participants without these lesions. In subjects who reported chronic cough, CT evidence of bronchiectasis was found in 18 (67%) participants with skin lesions and 3 (27%) subjects without skin lesions. Overall, subjects with arsenic-caused skin lesions had a 10-fold increased prevalence of bronchiectasis compared with subjects who did not have skin lesions (adjusted odds ratio = 10; 95% confidence interval = 2.7-37). Conclusions: These results suggest that, in addition to being a cause of lung cancer, ingestion of high concentrations of arsenic in drinking water may be a cause of bronchiectasis.
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| 3. |
- Bergen, AW, et al.
(författare)
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Association of multiple DRD2 polymorphisms with anorexia nervosa
- 2005
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Ingår i: Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0893-133X. ; 30:9, s. 1703-1710
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Nazeeruddin, M. K., et al.
(författare)
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DFT-INDO/S modeling of new high molar extinction coefficient charge-transfer sensitizers for solar cell applications
- 2006
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 45:2, s. 787-797
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new ruthenium(II) complex, tetrabutylammonium [ruthenium (4-carboxylic acid-4'-carboxylate-2,2'-bipyridine)(4,4'-di(2-(3,6-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl)-2,2'-bipyridine)(NCS)(2)] (N945H), was synthesized and characterized by analytical, spectroscopic, and electrochemical techniques. The absorption spectrum of the N945H sensitizer is dominated by metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) transitions in the visible region, with the lowest allowed MLCT bands appearing at 25 380 and 18 180 cm(-1). The molar extinction coefficients of these bands are 34 500 and 18 900 M-1 cm(-1), respectively, and are significantly higher when compared to than those of the standard sensitizer cis-dithiocyanatobis(4,4'-dicarboxylic acid-2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II). An INDO/S and density functional theory study of the electronic and optical properties of N945H and of N945 adsorbed on TiO2 was performed. The calculations point out that the top three frontier-filled orbitals have essentially ruthenium 4d (t(2g) in the octahedral group) character with sizable contribution coming from the NCS ligand orbitals. Most critically the calculations reveal that, in the TiO2-bound N945 sensitizer, excitation directs charge into the carboxylbipyridine ligand bound to the TiO2 surface. The photovoltaic data of the N945 sensitizer using an electrolyte containing 0.60 M butylmethylimidazolium iodide, 0.03 M I-2, 0.10 M guanidinium thiocyanate, and 0.50 M tert-butylpyridine in a mixture of acetonitrile and valeronitrile (volume ratio = 85:15) exhibited a short-circuit photocurrent density of 16.50 +/- 0.2 mA cm(-2), an open-circuit voltage of 790 +/- 30 mV, and a fill factor of 0.72 +/- 0.03, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency of 9.6% under standard AM (air mass) 1.5 sunlight, and demonstrated a stable performance under light and heat soaking at 80 degrees C.
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| 5. |
- Cano-Aguilera, I., et al.
(författare)
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Use of hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry to determine the effects of hard ions, iron salts and humic substances on arsenic sorption to sorghum biomass
- 2005
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Ingår i: Microchemical Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-265X. ; 81:1, s. 57-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At present, there is a great interest in studying new sorbent materials for the removal of arsenic from aqueous solutions because of its high toxicity and adverse effects on human health. In previous research, sorghum biomass was found to be an efficient and economic sorbent for the removal of arsenic from aqueous solutions. In this investigation, the effects of CaCl2, MgCl 2, FeSO4, MgSO4, Fe(NO3) 3, and humic substances (peat moss, humin and humic acids) on arsenic binding to sorghum biomass were evaluated. Among these compounds, only iron salts were found to positively increase the sorption of arsenic to sorghum biomass. In addition, the sorption equilibrium was reached faster when the reaction mixture contained iron salts. However, an overall reduction of 21% of arsenic sorption to sorghum biomass was observed in the presence of MgSO 4. This interference may be due to the presence of sulfate ions, instead of the hard cations, that could be in competition with As for the same interaction sites or ligands. Peat moss, humins and humic acid, extracted from sphagnum peat moss, significantly decreased the arsenic sorption to sorghum biomass.
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| 6. |
- Haque, Nazmul, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of arsenic adsorption to sorghum biomass
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3336 .- 0304-3894. ; 145:1-2, s. 30-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of efficient and economic new adsorbent materials for the removal of arsenic from groundwater is a priority in regions where human health is directly affected by elevated arsenic concentrations. Adsorption of arsenic on sorghum biomass (SB) was investigated for the removal of arsenic from aqueous solutions. Potentiometric titrations and FTIR analysis evidenced two potential binding sites associated with carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. Batch experiments were carried out to determine the equilibrium time for arsenic adsorption to SB. The effect of pH on arsenic adsorption to SB was investigated for a pH range of 2.0-10.0. A strong influence of pH was demonstrated with a maximum removal of arsenic at pH 5.0. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were applied to equilibrium data. The Freundlich model fitted the equilibrium data and provided evidence for site heterogeneity at the binding surface. Column experiments were performed to obtain the breakthrough curves for both non-immobilized sorghum biomass and immobilized sorghum biomass.
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| 7. |
- Haque, Nazmul, et al.
(författare)
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Sorption of arsenic on sorghum biomass: a case study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Natural Arsenic in Groundwater. - : CRC Press. - 9780415367004 ; , s. 247-253
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Large scale, field experiments were conducted for the removal of arsenic from the groundwater of a well located in Guanajuato, Mexico region using non-immobilized sorghum biomass (NISB) as a sorbent, which was found highly efficient to adsorb As in previous laboratory experiments. The columns were run under gravity and pump flow conditions. Removal of arsenic under pump flow was slightly higher than the gravity flow due to the steady-state flow conditions. The maximum arsenic accumulation measured was 3.2 and 3.3 mg of As/g of NISB for gravity and pump flow conditions, respectively. To determine the optimal hydraulic detention time, columns were operated under different flow rates and the maximum sorption occurred at a flow rate of 10 mL/min. Columns of different dimensions were run to obtain the optimal design parameter between surface loading and volumetric loading of the system. The optimal sorption condition can be achieved through the volumetric design of the system.
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| 8. |
- Khan, Md Razib Hayat, et al.
(författare)
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MC-CDMA : An alternative multiple access technique in 3G wireless architecture
- 2008
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Ingår i: CISIS 2008. - LOS ALAMITOS : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. ; , s. 573-578
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Future wireless systems such as 3G and beyond 3G cellular need flexibility to provide subscribers with a variety of services such as voice, data images, and video. CDM4 (Code Division Multiple Access) has proved very successful for large scale cellular voice systems, as well as has been considered to be a candidate system to support multimedia services in mobile communications. So it could be assumed that, future wireless communication systems should be an extension of CDMA. Here, in this paper we exploit the advantages of the novel MC-CDMA (Multicarrier CDMA) scheme as a promising alternative of multiple access technique in 3G wireless architecture.
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