| 1. |
- Flores, H., et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of climate change on Antarctic krill
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Marine Ecology-Progress Series. - : Inter-Research Science Center. - 0171-8630 .- 1616-1599. ; 458, s. 1-19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antarctic krill Euphausia superba (hereafter 'krill') occur in regions undergoing rapid environmental change, particularly loss of winter sea ice. During recent years, harvesting of krill has in creased, possibly enhancing stress on krill and Antarctic ecosystems. Here we review the overall impact of climate change on krill and Antarctic ecosystems, discuss implications for an ecosystem-based fisheries management approach and identify critical knowledge gaps. Sea ice decline, ocean warming and other environmental stressors act in concert to modify the abundance, distribution and life cycle of krill. Although some of these changes can have positive effects on krill, their cumulative impact is most likely negative. Recruitment, driven largely by the winter survival of larval krill, is probably the population parameter most susceptible to climate change. Predicting changes to krill populations is urgent, because they will seriously impact Antarctic ecosystems. Such predictions, however, are complicated by an intense inter-annual variability in recruitment success and krill abundance. To improve the responsiveness of the ecosystem-based management approach adopted by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), critical knowledge gaps need to be filled. In addition to a better understanding of the factors influencing recruitment, management will require a better understanding of the resilience and the genetic plasticity of krill life stages, and a quantitative understanding of under-ice and benthic habitat use. Current precautionary management measures of CCAMLR should be maintained until a better understanding of these processes has been achieved. [GRAPHICS] .
|
|
| 2. |
- Hill, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Microfluidic and Transducer Technologies for Lab on a Chip Applications
- 2010
-
Ingår i: 2010 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC). - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781424441242 ; , s. 305-307
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Point-of-care diagnostic devices typically require six distinct qualities: they must deliver at least the same sensitivity and selectivity, and for a cost per assay no greater than that of today's central lab technologies, deliver results in a short period of time (<15 min at GP; <2h in hospital), be portable or at least small in scale, and require no or extremely little sample preparation. State-of-the-art devices deliver information of several markers in the same measurement.
|
|
| 3. |
- Hilmi, N., et al.
(författare)
-
Exposure of Mediterranean Countries to Ocean Acidification
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441. ; 6:6, s. 1719-1744
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the potential effects of ocean acidification on countries and fisheries of the Mediterranean Sea. The implications for seafood security and supply are evaluated by examining the sensitivity of the Mediterranean to ocean acidification at chemical, biological, and macro-economic levels. The limited information available on impacts of ocean acidification on harvested (industrial, recreational, and artisanal fishing) and cultured species (aquaculture) prevents any biological impact assessment. However, it appears that non-developed nations around the Mediterranean, particularly those for which fisheries are increasing, yet rely heavily on artisanal fleets, are most greatly exposed to socioeconomic consequences from ocean acidification.
|
|
| 4. |
- Dinasquet, Julie, et al.
(författare)
-
Cascading effects of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi on the planktonic food web in a nutrient-limited estuarine system
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Marine Ecology Progress Serie. - : Inter-Research Science Center. - 0171-8630 .- 1616-1599. ; 460, s. 49-61
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing biomasses of gelatinous zooplankton presumably have major implications for the structure and function of marine food webs at large; however, current data on lower trophic levels are scarce, as most studies have focused on the immediate effects on zooplankton and fish larvae only. We examined the short-term impact of larvae and adults of the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi on a summer planktonic food web in the estuarine southern Baltic Sea, with special emphasis on the microbial loop. Grazing by M. leidyi reduced the mesozooplankton biomass, followed by increased dinoflagellate biomass in treatments with M. leidyi. While chlorophyll a increased most in the treatments with M. leidyi, small phytoplankton and ciliates decreased in all treatments. M. leidyi had a slight effect on bacterial abundance, but not on bacterial production, ectoenzymatic activities, or community composition. Undetectable levels of phosphate and a gradual accumulation of dissolved organic carbon during the experiment suggested a malfunctioning microbial loop scenario. The experiment shows that direct and indirect short-term effects of M. leidyi on the estuarine food web are limited to higher trophic levels and indicates that top-down and bottom-up consequences of M. leidyi expansions on the microbial loop will likely depend on local nutrient conditions.
|
|
| 5. |
- Gustafsson, Erika, et al.
(författare)
-
Directed evolution of chemotaxis inhibitory protein of Staphylococcus aureus generates biologically functional variants with reduced interaction with human antibodies
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Protein Engineering Design & Selection. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1741-0126 .- 1741-0134. ; 23:2, s. 91-101
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemotaxis inhibitory protein of Staphylococcus aureus (CHIPS) is a protein that binds and blocks the C5a receptor (C5aR) and formylated peptide receptor, thereby inhibiting the immune cell recruitment associated with inflammation. If CHIPS was less reactive with existing human antibodies, it would be a promising anti-inflammatory drug candidate. Therefore, we applied directed evolution and computational/rational design to the CHIPS gene in order to generate new CHIPS variants displaying lower interaction with human IgG, yet retaining biological function. The optimization was performed in four rounds: one round of random mutagenesis to add diversity into the CHIPS gene and three rounds of DNA recombination by Fragment INduced Diversity (FIND((R))). Every round was screened by phage selection and/or ELISA for decreased interaction with human IgG and retained C5aR binding. The mean binding of human anti-CHIPS IgG decreased with every round of evolution. For further optimization, new amino acid substitutions were introduced by rational design, based on the mutations identified during directed evolution. Finally, seven CHIPS variants with low interaction with human IgG and retained C5aR blocking capacity could be identified.
|
|
| 6. |
- Hanse, Eric, 1962, et al.
(författare)
-
[The medical education in Gothenburg is being reformed. Professional development, research and internationalization]
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 108:12, s. 669-73
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The medical education at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, is being reformed by an emphasis on professional development, international contacts and research. Students’ professional development consists of five core areas: Communication and self-reflection, Leadership and teamwork, Ethical attitude, Human rights and gender issues, and a Scientific and critical attitude. A learning progression of students’ professional competence is organised by five process leaders, coordinating core learning objectives and examinations within the existing curriculum. By promoting international exchange, more than half of the students in undergraduate medical education have had international contacts. The Sahlgrenska Academy aims to promote medical students’ interest for research and to increase the percentage among medical doctors that have a PhD degree. A program for combining medical education with research and teaching is being launched along with a MD/PhD program for medical basic science and a special PhD/MD program.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Herrmann, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of the Mushroom Nephrotoxin Orellanine and Its Glucosides
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Natural Products. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0163-3864 .- 1520-6025. ; 75:10, s. 1690-1696
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Orellanine is a nephrotoxin found in various Cortinaceae mushroom species. Unintentional consumption after these species were confused with edible mushrooms such as Cantharellus tubaeformis has caused several casualties. In this work, a quantitative HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for total orellanine in Cortinarius rubellus, spiked blood plasma, and a mushroom stew prepared from C. tubaeformis with the addition of a single specimen of C. rubellus is presented. The existence of mono- and diglucosylated orellanine in C. rubellus was also proven, although quantitative analysis could not be obtained for the glucosides due to rapid hydrolyzation to orellanine in the extract. Extraction with 3 M HCl or water mainly yielded orellanine, while MeOH or acidified MeOH mainly extracted mono- and diglucosylated orellanine. The highest recovery of total orellanine was obtained with 3 M HCl, which was subsequently used for quantitative analysis. A C-18 HPLC column and low pH in the eluents retained all these toxins. Orellanine could be detected at a 4.9 ng/mL level in all extracts, which is well below the threshold for acute toxic effects. Additionally, the fragmentation pattern of orellanine upon electrospray MS/MS was probed. The method described is useful for two important applications. First, it allows quantitative analysis of processed food products that may be contaminated by orellanine from Cortinaceae mushrooms. Second, orellanine is currently being evaluated as a potential cure of metastatic renal cancer, and this work provides a method for monitoring orellanine at low concentrations within the therapeutic interval in blood serum.
|
|
| 9. |
- Hosia, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Interactions between native and alien ctenophores: Beroe gracilis and Mnemiopsis leidyi in Gullmarsfjorden
- 2011
-
Ingår i: MARINE ECOLOGY-PROGRESS SERIES. - 0171-8630. ; 422, s. 129-138
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We experimentally quantified predation rates between the native North Sea ctenophore Beroe gracilis and the introduced Mnemiopsis leidyi. A series of incubation experiments with varying M. leidyi prey concentrations (0.15 to 2.37 ind. l–1) and sizes (mean oral-aboral length: 5.9 to 20.6 mm) was conducted, and digestion rates were measured. B. gracilis fed readily on M. leidyi and reproduced on this diet. However, B. gracilis were unable to entirely ingest M. leidyi approaching their own size, resulting in a size refuge from predation. Larger prey were often partially consumed, and the proportion of prey that was only partially eaten increased with prey size. Observed maximum clearance rates for whole prey were from 0.42 to 0.97 l ind.–1 h–1. Ingestion rates of whole prey increased linearly with prey concentration for the smaller prey, but leveled off at the higher prey concentrations for the larger sizes, indicating handling limitation. The handling limitations probably largely stemmed from digestion time (1.6 to 8.4 h for 4 to 12 mm prey) and gut volume. Applying the determined clearance rates to concurrent in situ abundances of M. leidyi and B. gracilis suggested a slight predation impact on the M. leidyi population (overall mortality: 8.8 × 10–4 d–1). The predatory interactions between the 2 species are further complicated by transitional and lobate stage M. leidyi being able to feed on young B. gracilis.
|
|
| 10. |
- Illi, Ari, et al.
(författare)
-
Is 5-HTTLPR linked to the response of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in MDD?
- 2011
-
Ingår i: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-1334 .- 1433-8491. ; 261:2, s. 95-102
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of a functional polymorphism in the transcriptional control region of serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR, SERTPR) has been studied intensively in major depression and in the response to selective serotonin inhibitors (SSRIs) in major depression. The findings have been contradictory, although majority of the studies indicate that the short allele is associated with poor response to SSRIs in major depression. In the present study, we evaluated the association of 5-HTTLPR with treatment response to SSRI medication in Finnish Caucasian MDD patients. A secondary purpose was to study the possible association of this particular polymorphism with major depressive disorder. The aim of the study was to replicate the previous findings in this area. Primary outcomes of the treatment were remission, defined by an exit score of seven or less, and response, defined by a reduction of at least 50% on the MADRS. We had also a control population of 375 healthy blood donors, as a secondary objective was to evaluate the possible association of this particular polymorphism with major depressive disorder. Twenty-nine of the 85 (34.1%) patients reached the remission and 58.8% achieved the predefined response criteria. The l/l genotype of 5-HTTLPR was presented in 51.7% of those patients who achieved remission vs. 25.0% in the non-remitters (P = 0.03). The result remained statistically significant after adjusting for age, gender, medication and MADRS points at the study entry. However, the small sample size limits the reliability of this result.
|
|
