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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Asp, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal study of the bilateral benefit in children with bilateral cochlear implants
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Audiology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 54:2, s. 77-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the development of the bilateral benefit in children using bilateral cochlear implants by measurements of speech recognition and sound localization.DESIGN: Bilateral and unilateral speech recognition in quiet, in multi-source noise, and horizontal sound localization was measured at three occasions during a two-year period, without controlling for age or implant experience. Longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses were performed. Results were compared to cross-sectional data from children with normal hearing.STUDY SAMPLE: Seventy-eight children aged 5.1-11.9 years, with a mean bilateral cochlear implant experience of 3.3 years and a mean age of 7.8 years, at inclusion in the study. Thirty children with normal hearing aged 4.8-9.0 years provided normative data.RESULTS: For children with cochlear implants, bilateral and unilateral speech recognition in quiet was comparable whereas a bilateral benefit for speech recognition in noise and sound localization was found at all three test occasions. Absolute performance was lower than in children with normal hearing. Early bilateral implantation facilitated sound localization.CONCLUSIONS: A bilateral benefit for speech recognition in noise and sound localization continues to exist over time for children with bilateral cochlear implants, but no relative improvement is found after three years of bilateral cochlear implant experience.
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- Bombarda, F., et al.
(författare)
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Runaway electron beam control
- 2019
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6587 .- 0741-3335. ; 61:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Brezinsek, S., et al.
(författare)
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Erosion, screening, and migration of tungsten in the JET divertor
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 59:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The erosion of tungsten (W), induced by the bombardment of plasma and impurity particles, determines the lifetime of plasma-facing components as well as impacting on plasma performance by the influx of W into the confined region. The screening of W by the divertor and the transport of W in the plasma determines largely the W content in the plasma core, but the W source strength itself has a vital impact on this process. The JET tokamak experiment provides access to a large set of W erosion-determining parameters and permits a detailed description of the W source in the divertor closest to the ITER one: (i) effective sputtering yields and fluxes as function of impact energy of intrinsic (Be, C) and extrinsic (Ne, N) impurities as well as hydrogenic isotopes (H, D) are determined and predictions for the tritium (T) isotope are made. This includes the quantification of intra- and inter-edge localised mode (ELM) contributions to the total W source in H-mode plasmas which vary owing to the complex flux compositions and energy distributions in the corresponding phases. The sputtering threshold behaviour and the spectroscopic composition analysis provides an insight in the dominating species and plasma phases causing W erosion. (ii) The interplay between the net and gross W erosion source is discussed considering (prompt) re-deposition, thus, the immediate return of W ions back to the surface due to their large Larmor radius, and surface roughness, thus, the difference between smooth bulk-W and rough W-coating components used in the JET divertor. Both effects impact on the balance equation of local W erosion and deposition. (iii) Post-mortem analysis reveals the net erosion/deposition pattern and the W migration paths over long periods of plasma operation identifying the net W transport to remote areas. This W transport is related to the divertor plasma regime, e.g. attached operation with high impact energies of impinging particles or detached operation, as well as to the applied magnetic configuration in the divertor, e.g. close divertor with good geometrical screening of W or open divertor configuration with poor screening. JET equipped with the ITER-like wall (ILW) provided unique access to the net W erosion rate within a series of 151 subsequent H-mode discharges (magnetic field: B-t = 2.0 T, plasma current: I-p = 2.0 MA, auxiliary power P-aux = 12 MW) in one magnetic configuration accumulating 900 s of plasma with particle fluences in the range of 5-6 x 10(26) D(+ )m(-2) in the semi-detached inner and attached outer divertor leg. The comparison of W spectroscopy in the intra-ELM and inter-ELM phases with post-mortem analysis of W marker tiles provides a set of gross and net W erosion values at the outer target plate. ERO code simulations are applied to both divertor leg conditions and reproduce the erosion/deposition pattern as well as confirm the high experimentally observed prompt W re-deposition factors of more than 95% in the intra- and inter-ELM phase of the unseeded deuterium H-mode plasma. Conclusions to the expected divertor conditions in ITER as well as to the JET operation in the DT plasma mixture are drawn on basis of this unique benchmark experiment.
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- Frodlund, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Vestibular Function After Cochlear Implantation: A Comparison of Three Types of Electrodes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Otology and Neurotology. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 1531-7129 .- 1537-4505. ; 37:10, s. 1535-1540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the vestibular function after cochlear implantation with different types of electrode arrays. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Academic tertiary referral center. Materials and Methods: Forty three adults underwent first cochlear implantation. Three consecutive series of patients: Group 1 (n = 13) implanted with a precurved electrode, Group 2 (n = 15) implanted with a straight electrode, Group 3 (n = 15) implanted with a flexible electrode. Patients vestibular functions were assessed with pre-and postoperative caloric testing using videonystagmography (VNG). The postoperative reduction of the maximum slow phase velocity (MSPV) in the implanted ear was evaluated. Medical charts were reviewed to evaluate the occurrence of late onset of postoperative vestibular symptoms. Results: Mean reduction of MSPV was 7.6/s (standard deviation [SD] 8.0) in Group 1, 23.1/s (SD 16.6) in Group 2, and 0.1/s (SD 18.5) in Group 3. Significant difference was found between Group 1 and 2 (p amp;lt; 0.030) and between Group 2 and 3 (p amp;lt; 0.001). Group 2 showed a higher prevalence of late onset of clinical vertigo (28.6%) than Group 1 (7.7%) and 3 (6.7%). Conclusion: In this prospective study, significantly larger reductions of caloric responses were found in subjects implanted with a straight electrode compared with subjects implanted with a precurved or flexible electrode. These findings seem to correlate to a higher prevalence of postoperative vertigo.
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