| 1. |
- Eriksson, Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Similar but different : interviewing monozygotic twins discordant for musical practice
- 2016
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Ingår i: Musicae scientiae. - : Sage Publications. - 1029-8649 .- 2045-4147. ; 21:3, s. 250-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Musical engagement is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Here, we explored nongeneticinfluences on musical engagement by performing semi-structured interviews of 10 Swedishmonozygotic twin pairs that were highly discordant for piano practicing. The interviews were organizedinto five sections – (i) perceived reasons for the discordance; (ii) childhood differences in specific musicrelated variables; (iii) strong memories of music; (iv) the perceived meaning of music in life and forhealth; and (v) language interests – and analyzed using response categorization. The playing twins froman early age found music more interesting and enjoyable than their co-twins and also gave richer andmore elaborate descriptions of the meaning of music in life, in several cases emphasizing that music wasimportant for their personal identity. In line with this, an analysis of previously collected web questionnairedata showed that the playing twins had a significantly higher openness to experience and pronenessto experience flow during musical activities. In contrast, the twins reported essentially no within-pairdifferences in the musical engagement of their peers, parental support, music teacher, ensemble playing,public performances, and their interest and aptitude for languages. The interviews gave no indication thatthe differences in musical engagement were caused by systematic environmental influences that wereconsistent across twin pairs. Rather, the respondents presented a wide range of different explanations fortheir discordance in musical activity, suggesting that the remaining influences on musical engagement,when genetics and family environment are controlled for, may be highly individual and idiosyncratic.
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| 2. |
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Flow Experience : Empirical Research and Applications
- 2016
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This volume provides updates and informs the reader about the development of the current empirical research on the flow experience. It opens up some new research questions at the frontiers of the field. The book offers an overview on the latest findings in flow research in several fields such as social psychology, neuropsychology, performing arts and sport, education, work and everyday experiences. It integrates the latest knowledge on experimental studies of optimal experience with the theoretical foundation of psychological flow that was laid down in the last decades.
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| 3. |
- Takács, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and Validity of the Hungarian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-HUN) : comparing psychiatric patients with control subjects
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sleep and Breathing. - : Springer. - 1520-9512 .- 1522-1709. ; 20:3, s. 1045-1051
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index is used to evaluate subjective sleep quality, and it is commonly used in clinical research. Subjective sleep quality is also an important clinical measure in patients with psychiatric disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Hungarian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-HUN) in both clinical and non-clinical samples.MethodsThe original version of PSQI was translated into Hungarian according to standard guidelines. The PSQI-HUN and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) were subsequently administered to 53 psychiatric patients (schizophrenia, recurrent depressive disorder, mixed anxiety, and depressive disorder) and 178 healthy controls.ResultsInternal consistency as measured by Cronbach’s alpha in the whole sample was 0.79. Pearson’s product-moment correlations between component scores and the global scores were high (0.59–0.88) in the PSQI-HUN indicating the homogeneity of the scale. PSQI-HUN global and component scores differed significantly between psychiatric patients and control subjects. In the psychiatric patient subsample, schizophrenics had lower global scores compared to the other two patient groups. The analysis of convergent validity showed significant correlations between the AIS and the global as well as the component scores of the PSQI-HUN (except the component of sleep latency).ConclusionsThe present study concludes that the PSQI-HUN is a reliable, valid, and standardized measure for assessment of the subjective sleep quality in clinical and research settings.
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| 4. |
- Ullén, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Flow and individual differences : a phenotypic analysis of data from more than 10,000 twin individuals
- 2016. - 1
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Ingår i: Flow experience. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319286327 - 9783319286341 ; , s. 267-288
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Earlier studies suggest that individual differences in flow experiences depend on both situational variables, e.g. the environmental opportunities to engage in flow promoting activities, and personal traits. Here, we present results of phenotypic analyses of associations between flow proneness and five major modalities of individual differences, i.e. personality, cognitive abilities, motivation, emotional competence (alexithymia) and performance on chronometric tasks. The data was collected using self-report questionnaires in a cohort of more than 10,000 Swedish twin individuals. The aim of the study was partly exploratory, but we also addressed three specific hypotheses suggested by earlier literature, i.e. that flow proneness is (i) correlated with personality, specifically with traits reflecting emotional stability (low neuroticism) and conscientiousness; (ii) unrelated to cognitive ability; and (iii) correlated with trait intrinsic motivation. The results confirmed all three hypotheses. Additional main findings were that flow proneness is related to extraversion, agreeableness, openness to experience, low schizotypy, and emotional competence (low alexithymia). Sex differences in flow proneness were mostly negligible, but flow proneness increased weakly with age. In summary, individual differences in flow proneness show substantial relations to personality related traits but appear essentially independent of cognitive abilities. We conclude that the results taken together support the notion of flow proneness being related to an autotelic personality, and discuss the potential implication of relations between the observed correlates of flow proneness and outcomes related to health and well-being.
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