| 1. |
- Adcox, K, et al.
(författare)
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PHENIX detector overview
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 499:2-3, s. 469-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PHENIX detector is designed to perform a broad study of A-A, p-A, and p-p collisions to investigate nuclear matter under extreme conditions. A wide variety of probes, sensitive to all timescales, are used to study systematic variations with species and energy as well as to measure the spin structure of the nucleon. Designing for the needs of the heavy-ion and polarized-proton programs has produced a detector with unparalleled capabilities. PHENIX measures electron and muon pairs, photons, and hadrons with excellent energy and momentum resolution. The detector consists of a large number of subsystems that are discussed in other papers in this volume. The overall design parameters of the detector are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andres, E., et al.
(författare)
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The AMANDA neutrino telescope : Principle of operation and first results
- 2000
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Ingår i: Astroparticle physics. - : Elsevier. - 0927-6505 .- 1873-2852. ; 13:1, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AMANDA is a high-energy neutrino telescope presently under construction at the geographical South Pole. In the Antarctic summer 1995/96, an array of 80 optical modules (OMs) arranged on 4 strings (AMANDA-B4) was deployed at depths between 1.5 and 2 km. In this paper we describe the design and performance of the AMANDA-B4 prototype, based on data collected between February and November 1996. Monte Carlo simulations of the detector response to down-going atmospheric muon tracks show that the global behavior of the detector is understood. We describe the data analysis method and present first results on atmospheric muon reconstruction and separation of neutrino candidates. The AMANDA array was upgraded with 216 OMs on 6 new strings in 1996/97 (AMANDA-B10), and 122 additional OMs on 3 strings in 1997/98.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Berntorp, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Consensus perspectives on prophylactic therapy for haemophilia: summary statement.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216. ; 9:Suppl 1, s. 41278-41278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Participants in an international conference on prophylactic therapy for severe haemophilia developed a consensus summary of the findings and conclusions of the conference. In the consensus, participants agreed upon revised definitions for primary and secondary prophylaxis and also made recommendations concerning the need for an international system of pharmacovigilance. Considerations on starting prophylaxis, monitoring outcomes, and individualizing treatment regimens were discussed. Several research questions were identified as needing further investigation, including when to start and when to stop prophylaxis, optimal dosing and dose interval, and methods for assessment of long-term treatment effects. Such studies should include carefully defined cohorts, validated orthopaedic and quality-of-life assessment instruments, and cost-benefit analyses.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Lilley, J H, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular characterization of the fish-pathogenic fungus Aphanomyces invadans.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Fish Diseases. - : Wiley. - 0140-7775 .- 1365-2761. ; 26:5, s. 263-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aphanomyces invadans (Saprolegniaceae) is a peronosporomycete fungus associated with the serious fish disease, epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), also known as mycotic granulomatosis. In this study, interspecific relationships were examined between A. invadans isolates and other aquatic animal pathogenic Saprolegniaceae, and saprophytic Saprolegniaceae from EUS-affected areas. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms and sequences of ribosomal DNA confirmed that A. invadans is distinct from all other species studied. A sequence from the internal transcribed spacer region ITS1, unique to A. invadans, was used to design primers for a PCR-based diagnostic test. Intraspecific relationships were also examined by random amplification of polymorphic DNA using 20 isolates of A. invadans from six countries. The isolates showed a high degree of genetic homogeneity using 14 random ten-mer primers. This provides evidence that the fungus has spread across Asia in one relatively rapid episode, which is consistent with reports of outbreaks of EUS. Physiological distinctions between A. invadans and other Aphanomyces species based on a data set of 16 growth parameters showed remarkable taxonomic congruence with the molecular phylogeny.
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| 9. |
- Wilson, Andrew D H, et al.
(författare)
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Primary sensory neuronal rescue with systemic acetyl-L-carnitine following peripheral axotomy. A dose-response analysis
- 2003
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Ingår i: British Journal of Plastic Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0007-1226 .- 1465-3087. ; 56:8, s. 732-739
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The loss of a large proportion of primary sensory neurons after peripheral nerve axotomy is well documented. As a consequence of this loss, the innervation density attained on completion of regeneration will never be normal, regardless of how well the individual surviving neurons regenerate. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR), an endogenous peptide in man, has been demonstrated to protect sensory neurons, thereby avoiding loss after peripheral nerve injury. In this study we examined the dose-response effect of ALCAR on the primary sensory neurons in the rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) 2 weeks after sciatic nerve axotomy. Six groups of adult rats (n=5) underwent unilateral sciatic nerve axotomy, without repair, followed by 2 weeks systemic treatment with one of five doses of ALCAR (range 0.5-50 mg/kg/day), or normal saline. L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia were then harvested bilaterally and sensory neuronal cell counts obtained using the optical disector technique. ALCAR eliminated neuronal loss at higher doses (50 and 10 mg/kg/day), while lower doses did result in loss (12% at 5 mg/kg/day, p<0.05; 19% at 1 mg/kg/day, p<0.001; 23% at 0.5 mg/kg/day, p<0.001) compared to contralateral control ganglia. Treatment with normal saline resulted in a 25% (p<0.001) loss, demonstrating no protective effect in accordance with previous studies.ALCAR preserves the sensory neuronal cell population after axotomy in a dose-responsive manner and as such, has potential for improving the clinical outcome following peripheral nerve trauma when doses in excess of 10 mg/kg/day are employed.
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| 10. |
- Zhu, K, et al.
(författare)
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Quality issues in harvested rainwater in arid and semi-arid Loess Plateau of northern China
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Arid Environments. - 1095-922X. ; 57:4, s. 487-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Loess soils cover vast areas in the arid and semi-arid regions of northern China. Due to the lack of reliable surface water and ground-water, rainwater harvesting has played a prominent role in farmers' domestic usage and agricultural irrigation. An economical arid valid type of water storage cistern with optimum design of components has been introduced to rural areas in the Loess Plateau. Different collection alternatives showed apparent variations in rainwater quality. By using different catchments, such as mortar roofs and cement-paved courtyards, compacted land or road surfaces, rainwater can be effectively collected for storage in cisterns. This study focused mainly on the quality of rainwater harvested from the different catchment systems and stored for different periods of time. By analysis of the water samples stored in these cisterns, it was evident that rainwater quality could be improved significantly by self-purification during the storage. With emphasis on rainwater quality affected by the different catchment systems, it was found that the measured inorganic compounds in the rainwater harvested from roof-yard catchment systems generally matched the WHO standards for drinking water, while the concentrations of some inorganic compounds in the rainwater collected from land and road surfaces appeared to be higher than the guideline values for drinking water, but generally not beyond the maximum permissible concentrations. However, Fecal Coliform, which is an important bacteriological parameter for the three catchment systems, exceeded the limits of drinking water to a greater extend. Trace amounts of 55 organic pollutants were identified, including aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds and phthalate esters, etc. The analytical results indicated that roof-yard catchments that included the "first flush" usually provided safe drinking water with low organic contents, even for rainwater collected immediately after rainfall. In contrast, rainwater harvested from road surfaces had poor quality with respect to the organic constituents, regardless of stored time.
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