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| 2. |
- Hassel, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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An Operational Definition of Emergency Response Capabilities
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Disaster Recovery and Relief: Current & Future Approaches (TIEMS 2007).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Well developed emergency response capabilities are crucial in order to keep the risk in a community at low levels. Analysing these capabilities before an emergency occurs is important since it can identify weaknesses and possibilities for improvements. To start off from an operational definition is a possible point of departure in such an analysis. In this paper, therefore, we develop an operational definition of emergency response capabilities, which builds on systems theory and an operational definition of risk. The definition includes three essential elements; the task to which the capability is related, measures of how well that task can be performed and a description of the context affecting the performance of that particular task. The definition makes clear that the context might have large effects on how well a task can be performed and that there are uncertainties both regarding the context and how well a task can be performed given a context. Furthermore, we argue that it should be possible to make judgements about any statements that are made in the analysis regarding their validity and therefore the tasks and performance measures must be defined accordingly. The conclusion is that the operational definition provides an analytic structure which can help actors to gain knowledge about their emergency response capabilities and limits thereof.
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| 3. |
- Hassel, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the Seriousness of Disasters: An Empirical Study of Preferences
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emergency Management. - 1471-4825. ; 6:1, s. 33-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In making societal decisions concerning hazards with potentially disastrous consequences it is important to have soundly based knowledge of how people evaluate the seriousness of disasters. In the present study a group of students evaluated the seriousness of disasters described in terms of four basic attributes (and their ranges): number of fatalities (0-1000), number of serious injuries (0-4000), economic loss (0-40 billion SEK), and cause of the disaster (natural, accidental, terrorism). Attribute weights were elicited by two separate methods, which taken together provides insight into the stability and the uncertainty of the weights elicited. Most participants regarded attributes related to physical harm, especially the number of fatalities, a finding that, however, must be seen in relation to the ranges of the attributes. In addition, the cause of a disaster also affected many of the participants’ judgments of its seriousness. The findings of this paper are of value to societal decision making, particularly in the case of projects of small to medium size in which specific elicitations of stakeholders’ values are rarely made.
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| 4. |
- Hassel, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying critical components in technical infrastructure networks
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability. - 1748-006X. ; 222:2, s. 235-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new method for identifying and ranking critical components and sets of components in technical infrastructures is presented. The criticality of a component or a set of components is defined as the vulnerability of the system to failure in a specific component, or set of components. The identification of critical components is increasingly difficult when considering multiple simultaneous failures. This is especially difficult when dealing with failures of multiple components with synergistic consequences, i.e. consequences that cannot be calculated by adding the consequences of the individual failures. The proposed method addresses this problem. In exemplifying the method, an analysis of an electric power distribution system in a Swedish municipality is presented. It is concluded that the proposed method facilitates the identification of critical sets of components for large-scale technical infrastructures.
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| 5. |
- Hassel, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying Critical Components of Electric Power Systems: A Network Analytic Approach
- 2007
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Ingår i: Risk, Reliability and Societal Safety, Proceedings of the European Safety and Reliability Conference 2007. ; , s. 889-896, s. 889-897
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a method for identifying and ranking critical components and sets of components in technical infrastructures. Criticality is defined as the vulnerability of the system to failure in a specific component, or set of components. The identification of critical components is increasingly difficult when considering multiple simultaneous failures, especially component failures with synergistic effects. The proposed method addresses this problem. Furthermore, it is applied to an electric power distribution system in a Swedish municipality, using a simplified system model to calculate the consequences of component failures. We conclude that the proposed method facilitates the identification of critical failure sets and components for large-scale technical infrastructures. Using the proposed method it is possible to gain insights about the sys tem that otherwise might be overlooked.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Analysing societal vulnerability to perturbations in electric distribution systems
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Complex Network and Infrastructure Protection.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reliable electrical power supply is a requirement for the modern society, therefore it is important to analyse the vulnerability of the electric power system. Network analysis has previously been used to analyse the vulnerability of electric transmission systems, however recent events in Sweden have shown that perturbations in distribution systems also can cause severe societal consequences. Thus, we argue that vulnerability analysis at the distribution level is equally important. Furthermore, previous work has focused on technical aspects of the system and in this paper we take a step towards incorporating societal aspects of vulnerability by suggesting new network analytic measures. We analyse the distribution systems in two Swedish municipalities using the proposed measures. We conclude that the proposed measures can increase the value of using network analysis when analysing societal vulnerability to perturbations in electric distribution systems and that such analysis also can be useful in emergency mitigation and preparedness planning.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Analysing the vulnerability of electric distribution systems: A step towards incorporating the societal consequences of disruptions
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emergency Management. - 1471-4825. ; 4:1, s. 4-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reliable electrical power supply is a prerequisite for the modern society, and if it fails it can cause severe consequences in terms of economic losses and even fatalities. It is thus important to analyse the vulnerability of the electric power system. Network analysis has previously been used to analyse the vulnerability of electric transmission systems, however recent events in Sweden have shown that perturbations in distribution systems also can cause severe societal consequences. Thus, we argue that vulnerability analysis at the distribution level is equally important. Furthermore, previous work has focused on technical aspects of the system and in this paper we take a step towards incorporating societal aspects of vulnerability by suggesting new network analytic measures. We analyse the distribution systems in two Swedish municipalities using the proposed measures. We conclude that the proposed measures can increase the value of using network analysis when analysing societal vulnerability to perturbations in electric distribution systems and that such analysis also can be useful in emergency mitigation and preparedness planning.
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| 9. |
- Tehler, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Analys av sårbarhet med hjälp av nätverksmodeller
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents the research concerned with vulnerability analysis of technical infrastructure networks conducted in the research framework programme called FRIVA. The report reviews how network analysis has been used to analyse the vulnerability of systems that are possible to model as networks, such as technical infrastructure systems. In addition, it proposes how these methods can be developed in order to better suit vulnerability analysis conducted with a societal perspective. In order to show the applicability of these methods, they are applied to both hypothetical and real-world systems.
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| 10. |
- Tehler, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Metoder för risk- och sårbarhetsanalys ur ett systemperspektiv
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An operational definition of vulnerability is proposed. The definition is used to describe and analyse different methods for risk and vulnerability analysis. Several problems related to analysing the vulnerability of a complex sociotechnical system to a specific perturbation are identified and discussed. Suggestions of how risk- and vulnerability analyses can be performed for such systems are presented.
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